Introduction to Computers
Learn the fundamentals of computers, from hardware components to software applications.
Start LearningWhat is a Computer?
A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data.
Modern computers can be defined as programmable machines that execute pre-registered sets of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Computers can perform diverse operations such as calculations, data processing, and various other tasks.
Main Parts of a Computer
Hardware
The physical components of a computer system, including the machinery and devices that are part of the computer.
Hardware components include the monitor, keyboard, mouse, computer data storage, CPU, and the motherboard.
Learn More About HardwareSoftware
The programs and operating information used by a computer. Software is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work.
Software includes operating systems, applications, and various utility programs.
Learn More About SoftwareWhat is Hardware?
Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer system, including the machinery and devices that are part of the computer. These components are tangible - you can touch and see them.
Five Types of Computer Hardware
Input Devices
Devices used to provide data and control signals to a computer. Input devices allow users to enter data and commands into the computer system.
Output Devices
Devices that receive data from a computer and present it to the user. Output devices convert the electronic information from the computer into a form that humans can understand.
Processing Devices
Components that interpret and execute instructions. These devices are responsible for processing data and carrying out instructions given to the computer.
RAM vs ROM
| Feature | RAM (Random Access Memory) | ROM (Read-Only Memory) |
|---|---|---|
| Type | Volatile memory | Non-volatile memory |
| Function | Temporary storage while computer is running | Permanent storage for firmware |
| Data Access | Data can be read and written quickly | Data can only be read, not modified |
| Power Dependency | Loses data when power is off | Retains data even when power is off |
Storage Devices
Devices that store data and information. Storage devices are used to save data permanently or temporarily for later use.
Communication Devices
Devices that enable a computer to connect and communicate with other computers and networks. These devices facilitate data transfer between different computer systems.
Supporting Devices
Additional hardware that supports and enhances the functionality of a computer.
What is Software?
Software refers to the set of instructions or programs that tell a computer what to do. Unlike hardware, software is intangible and consists of code that runs on the computer's hardware.
Types of Software
System Software
System software controls the computer's hardware and provides a platform for running application software. It includes operating systems and device drivers.
Application Software
Application software performs specific tasks for users, such as word processing, web browsing, or graphic design.
Utility Software
Utility software helps maintain and optimize the computer system, including tools for antivirus protection, disk cleanup, and file compression.
System vs Application Software
| Feature | System Software | Application Software |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Manages hardware and provides platform | Performs specific user tasks |
| Examples | Windows, Linux, macOS | Microsoft Office, Web Browsers |
| User Interaction | Minimal direct interaction | High user interaction |
| Dependency | Works independently | Requires system software |