PST Level 6 Semester 1

NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06101 Coaching Leadership and Management • Source Session/Topic 21 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 21: Coaching Total Session Time: 120 minutes Prerequisites • None Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: • Define coaching • Explain the role of coaching to pharmaceutical services in the health services • List qualities of a coach and a coachee • Describe advantages of coaching to the health services • Identify coaching challenges in pharmaceuticals services Resources Needed: • Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape • Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers • LCD projector and computer • Note books and Pens SESSION OVERVIEW Activity/ Step Time Content Method 1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks 2 05 minutes Presentation Coaching 30 minutes Presentation The Role of Coaching to Pharmacy Services 3 Buzzing in the Health Services 4 10 minutes Presentation Qualities of a Coach 10 minutes Presentation 5 Small Group Qualities of Coachee Discussion 25 minutes Presentation Advantages of Coaching to the Health 6 Services 7 25 minutes Presentation Coaching Challenges in Pharmacy Services 8 05 minutes Presentation Key Points 9 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 120 SESSION CONTENTS STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. STEP 2: Definition of Terms Coach, Coachee, Coaching (10 minutes) • A Coach is skilled person who guide, train, and share knowledge with coachee to make them reflect the situation in a different way • Coachee is under skilled person who need guidance, training, or extra skills from a coach to be in a better position to reflect the situation. • Coaching is a process of training, guiding, assisting a less experienced staff by a coach to be in a better position of reflecting the current situation in a different way. STEP 3: The Role of Coaching to Pharmaceutical Services in Health Services (30 minutes) Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) Ask students to pair in two and buzz on: • What are the roles of coaching in pharmacy services? ALLOW few students to respond WRITE their responses on the flip chart/board CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below • Training under skilled staff • Guiding junior staff on pharmaceutical issues • Assisting different pharmaceutical responsibilities like packing, clarifying issues to clients • Guiding junior staff better environmental setting at pharmaceutical • Guiding junior staff best ways of communicating or seeking assistance • Mentoring junior staff when they are stuck. STEP 4: Qualities of a coach (10 minutes) • Skilled in that particular field • Interest with people • Willing to mentor a coachee PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 121 • Provide cooperation • Able to communicate • Able to listen coachee STEP 5: Qualities of a Coachee (10 minutes) • Willing to accept identified challenges • Eager to learn • Provide cooperation • Know means of communication or language used • Listening skills STEP 6: Advantages of Coaching to the Health Services (25 minutes) Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 20 minutes) DIVIDE students into small manageable groups ASK students to discuss on the following question • What are the advantages of coaching to the Health Services ? ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below: STEP 7: Coaching Challenges in Pharmaceuticals Services (25 minutes) • Inadequate know how of some coaches which affects their coaching performance • Inadequate facilities in pharmaceutical sites which limits coaches to perform his role at pharmaceutical sites • Inadequate skilled staff at pharmaceutical who can cope with coaching process done by a coach • Inadequate space for coaching process at pharmaceutical area or unit • Shortage of supplies which may be used in coaching process which ends limiting the coaching process. PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 122 STEP 8: Key points • Coaching is a process of guiding, training, supporting junior or coachee • Roles of coaching to pharmaceutical services are: Training, Supporting, guiding, sharing experiences and motivating coachee. • Coach should possess skills: Communication skills, relevant skill in the respective field, have interest in people, willing to coach, etc. • Coachee need skills like listening, communicating, accepting identified challenges, etc. during coaching process. STEP 9: Evaluation (5 minutes) • What is coaching? • What are the advantages of coaching to pharmaceutical skills? • What are the qualities of a coach in pharmaceutical services? PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 123 References Koontz, H. (1984). Management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Luthans, F. (1981). Organizational Behavior. Auckland: Mcgraw-Hill International Book Company. Graham, H. T. and Bennett, R. (1998). Human resources management. London: Pitman. Heller, R. and Hindle, T. (1998). Essential managers manual. London: Dorling Kindersley. Mashimi J B. (2006). Uongozi na Utawala Bora na maendeleo ya Afrika.Business Image Graphic & Promotions. Saleemi N.A. and Bogonko J. B. (1997). Management (Principles and Practice) Simplified. N. A. Saleemi Publishers PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 124 ← Previous TopicNext Topic →View all Leadership and Management topicsOpen Complete Full Notes PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06101 Mentorship Concept Leadership and Management • Source Session/Topic 22 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 22: Mentorship Concept Total Session Time: 120 minutes Prerequisites • None Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: • Define the term mentor • Explain the contribution of mentorship to pharmaceutical services in the health services • List qualities of a mentor • Describe advantages of mentorship to the health services • Enumerate skills needed by a mentor Resources Needed: • Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape • Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers • LCD projector and computer • Note books and Pens SESSION OVERVIEW Activity/ Step Time Content Method 1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks 2 05 minutes Presentation The Term Mentor 30 minutes The Contribution of Mentorship to 3 Presentation Pharmaceutical Services in the Health Services 20 minutes Presentation 4 Qualities of a Mentor Buzzing 30 minutes Presentation Advantages of Mentorship to the Health 5 Small Group Services Discussion 6 20minutes Presentation Skills Needed by a Mentor 7 05 minutes Presentation Key Points 8 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 125 PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 126 SESSION CONTENTS STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. STEP 2: Definition of Mentorship and Mentor (5 minutes) • Mentorship is a process of transferring skills from a senior experienced staff to a less experienced staff. • Mentor is a staff or a person who is conducting mentorship process to a mentee. STEP 3: The Contribution of Mentorship to Pharmacy Services (30 minutes) • Training under skilled staff at pharmaceutical unit • Guiding junior staff on pharmaceutical issues • Assisting different pharmaceutical responsibilities like packing, clarifying issues to clients when noted or realized that the mentee is stuck. • Guiding junior staff better environmental setting at pharmaceutical when found not properly arranged and mentee does not know the existing gaps • Guiding junior staff best ways of communicating or seeking assistance • Interpreting complicated pharmaceutical procedures to junior staff. STEP 4: Qualities of a Mentor (20 minutes) Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) Ask students to pair in 2 and buzz on the following • What are the qualities of a mentor? ALLOW few students to respond WRITE their responses on the flip chart/board CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below • Skillful to the respective field • Communication skills • Have interest working with mentee • Willing to mentor • Provide room to listen the mentee PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 127 STEP 5: Advantages of Mentorship to the Pharmacy Services (30 minutes) Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 20 minutes) DIVIDE students into small manageable groups ASK students to discuss on the following question • What are the advantages of Mentorship to the Pharmacy services? ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below: • Builds capacity of less experienced pharmaceutical staff • Provides needy support to relevant health staff • Build relationship between mentor and mentee though mentorship discussion • Gives room to mentors in the health sector to know area of gaps to mentee STEP 6: Skills Needed by a Mentor (20 minutes) • Skilled in that particular field of mentorship • Listening skills • Observation skills • Communication skills STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes) • Mentorship is a process of transferring skills and knowledge from a more experienced senior staff to a less experienced staff • Mentor should possess communication skills, respective discipline skills, willing to mentor, with interest to people, cooperation, etc. • Mentee should be willing to be coached, accept challenges identified, listening skills, provide cooperation to the mentor. STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes) • What is mentorship? • What are advantages of mentorship in pharmaceutical services? • What are basic skills to a mentor? PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 128 Reference Koontz, H. (1984). Management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Luthans, F. (1981). Organizational Behavior. Auckland: Mcgraw-Hill International Book Company. Graham, H. T. and Bennett, R. (1998). Human resources management. London: Pitman. Heller, R. and Hindle, T. (1998). Essential managers manual. London: Dorling Kindersley. Mashimi J B. (2006). Uongozi na Utawala Bora na maendeleo ya Afrika.Business Image Graphic & Promotions. Saleemi N.A. and Bogonko J. B. (1997). Management (Principles and Practice) Simplified. N. A. Saleemi Publishers PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 129 ← Previous TopicNext Topic →View all Leadership and Management topicsOpen Complete Full Notes PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06101 Networking Techniques in Delivery of Health Leadership and Management • Source Session/Topic 23 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 23: Networking Techniques in Delivery of Health Care Services Total Session Time: 120 minutes Prerequisites • None Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: • Define networking • Describe techniques in delivery of health services • List importance of networking when providing health services • Explain key partners used in your working environment when delivering health services Resources Needed: • Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape • Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers • LCD projector and computer • Note books and Pens SESSION OVERVIEW Activity/ Step Time Content Method 1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks 2 05 minutes Presentation Networking 40 minutes Presentation 3 Techniques in Delivery of Health Services Brainstorming 30 minutes Presentation Importance of Networking when Providing 4 Small Group Health Services Discussion 30 minutes Presentation Key Partners Used in your Working 5 Environment when Delivering Health Services 6 05 minutes Presentation Key Points 7 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 130 SESSION CONTENTS STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. STEP 2: Definition of Networking (5 minutes) • Networking is a process of cooperating with others to exchange information and develop professional or social relations. Or • Is the interaction between two or more organizations to allow them cooperate as agreed. STEP 3: Techniques in Delivery of Health Services (30 minutes) Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: • What are the Techniques in Delivery of Health Services? ALLOW few students to respond WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below • Preventive services • Promotive services • Curative services • Rehabilitative services STEP 4: Importance of Networking when Providing Health Services (20 minutes) Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 15 minutes) DIVIDE students into small manageable groups ASK students to discuss on the following question • What is the Importance of Networking when providing Health Services? ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below: PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 131 • Improves services to clients • Gives room for resource sharing • Facilitates sharing experiences to address health client challenges • Supplements gaps of some stakeholders • Builds relationship among stakeholders • Limits duplication of efforts among stakeholders • Shortens time of service provision to clients • Widens coverage of health services to clients. STEP 5: Key Partners Used in Your Working Environment when Delivering Health Services (30 minutes) • Internal partners those are found within the organization o Staff and staff working in same organization who can network to address identified challenge o Leadership and staff of same organization o Department and department of same organization • External partners those who are existing outside the organization o Organization and other organization o Health staff and community o Public private partnership o Organization and development partners STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes) • Networking is a process of cooperating with others to exchange information and develop professional or social relations • Techniques used in delivering health services are curative, preventive, rehabilitative and promotive techniques. • Many advantages are experienced from networking like sharing experiences, sharing resources, avoidance of duplication of efforts, increasing speed of service provision, etc. • Key partners are of two main categories internal and external STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes) • What is networking? • What are the techniques used in delivering health services? • What is the importance of networking in health services? • What are the key partners working with your institution in delivering health services? PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 132 References Koontz, H. (1984). Management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Luthans, F. (1981). Organizational Behavior. Auckland: Mcgraw-Hill International Book Company. Graham, H. T. and Bennett, R. (1998). Human resources management. London: Pitman. Heller, R. and Hindle, T. (1998). Essential managers manual. London: Dorling Kindersley. Mashimi J B. (2006). Uongozi na Utawala Bora na maendeleo ya Afrika.Business Image Graphic & Promotions. Saleemi N.A. and Bogonko J. B. (1997). Management (Principles and Practice) Simplified. N. A. Saleemi Publishers PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 133 ← Previous TopicNext Topic →View all Leadership and Management topicsOpen Complete Full Notes PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06101 Introduction to Negotiations Leadership and Management • Source Session/Topic 24 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 24: Introduction to Negotiations Total Session Time: 120 minutes Prerequisites • None Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: • Define negotiation • Describe importance of negotiation in delivering health services • Enumerate key negotiators in pharmaceutical services in the health service. • Explain the negotiation occurance • Explain the negotiation attitude • Explain the negotiation end results Resources Needed: • Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape • Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers • LCD projector and computer • Note books and Pens SESSION OVERVIEW Activity/ Step Time Content Method 1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks 2 05 minutes Presentation Negotiation 30 minutes Presentation Importance of Negotiation in Delivering 3 Small Group Health Services Discussion 25 minutes Presentation Key Negotiators in Pharmaceutical Services in 4 the Health Service 5 25 minutes Presentation Negotiation Occurrence 6 05 minutes Presentation Negotiation Attitude 7 15 minutes Presentation Negotiation End Results 8 05 minutes Presentation Key Points 9 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 134 SESSION CONTENTS STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. STEP 2: Definition of Negotiation (5 minutes) • Is a discussion intended to accomplish resolving disputes, reach an agreement on a course of action, Bargain for individual or collective advantage end result to satisfy various interests STEP 3: Importance of Negotiation in Delivering Health Services (30 minutes) Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 20 minutes) DIVIDE students into small manageable groups ASK students to discuss on the following question • What is the importance of negotiation in delivering health services? ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below: • Negotiation leads stakeholders to establish common understanding on how to address a common goal which for this matter is health services. • Enables health service provider establish a limit of the product cost with suppliers which will finally lead to the affordable cost to all suppliers, providers and consumers • It provides room to negotiate terms with contractors for the benefits of both sides contractor and beneficially. • Through negotiation Public Private Partnership is made possible where the two sides share areas to provide health services for mutual benefits. • Negotiation helps to build capacity of both sides who participate in the negotiation process • It facilitates establishing linkage between the two sides. • Gives room to share resources to address the established goal PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 135 STEP 4: Key Negotiators in Pharmaceutical Services in the Health Service (25 minutes) • Pharmacist or pharmaceutical staff who are qualified in the pharmaceutical field • Health facility management with decision making power like head of facility • Technical skills staff like Supplies Officer, Administrators, Planners • When necessary Financial staff • Representatives of the clients who deals with community services STEP 5: State when Negotiation Occur (25 minutes) • Negotiation occurs at work situations between different actors when need arises • Occurs when the two sides negotiate on Project deliverables & deadlines as set • It occurs regarding Contract negotiation between contractors and management • It happens when delegating work or assignments to a junior staff hence the two sides should negotiate to create deep understanding • Negotiation occurs when the two sides are discussing on Employment offer terms between the offer and the acceptance • Negotiation happens to negotiate on personal situations when things not clearly understood between the two parties • Negotiation occurs during marriage/relationships between two sides or parties may be on bride prize or misunderstanding between the husband and wife • Living day-to-day life environment where neighbors may differ leading to negotiation need • Government proceedings between employer side and employee side which causes disputes like what is happening now on worker‘s retirement benefits that lead to negotiation between the government, trade Union or beneficiaries themselves. STEP 6: Negotiation Attitudes (5 minutes) • Ready to accept the result of negotiation. • Attitude to listen others opinions • Calm or peaceful attitude leading to the harmonious negotiation environment • Avoidance of attacking the other side even when they express strong message try as much as you can to be humble. • Avoid dominance or ego status as that may harm the negotiation. STEP 7: Negotiation End Results (15 minutes) • Win/Win o Cooperative, all parties feel good and are committed to the plan of action where all parties benefit • Win/Lose o In a negotiation with authoritarian approach to one side to loose PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 136 • Lose/Win o At this area one side surrender to lose and the left side to win • Lose/Lose o Is a negotiation which focused on the other party as opponent regardless of the incurred cost. • No Deal o The two sides agree to disagree STEP 8: Key Points (5 minutes) • Negotiation is discussion between two or more parties to accomplish resolving disputes or intended task like contract and reach an agreement on a course of action. Or • Is the bargaining for individual or collective advantage end result to satisfy interests various involved parties. • During negotiation actors should be in the following attitudes: Ready to accept the result, listen other side, calm, avoidance of attacking other side and avoidance of one side dominance. • End result of negotiation may be win – win situation, win – lose situation. Lose –

NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06101 Negotiation Process in Delivery of Health Care Services ………………139 Leadership and Management • Source Session/Topic 25 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 25: Negotiation Process in Delivery of Health Care Services ………………139 PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide ii Background There is currently an ever-increasing demand for pharmaceutical personnel in Tanzania. This is due to expanding investment in public and private pharmaceutical sector. Shortage of trained pharmaceutical human resource contributes to poor quality of pharmaceutical services and low access to medicines in the country (GIZ, 2012). Through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) the Pharmacy Council (PC) together with Development Partners (DPs) in Germany and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs) worked together to address the shortage of human resource for pharmacy by designing a project named “Supporting Training Institutions for Improved Pharmaceutical Services in Tanzania‖ in order to improve quality and capacity of PTIs in training. CSSC prepared a Multi-actor Partnership (MAP) project proposal on how to sustain and strengthen health care in Tanzania through improvement of pharmaceutical training and an inter-institutional coordination of actors. This will harmonize and improve access to quality pharmaceutical service in Tanzania. The project has a various key stakeholders like; CSSC, NACTE, PC, TCU, CEDHA and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs). Through this project, few PTIs will receive infrastructural improvements to increase the quantitative and qualitative capacities (CUHAS, RUCU and KSP). Furthermore this project will train Pharmaceutical tutors from different PTIs on teaching and assessment methods in Tanzania and thus improved health delivery through increased qualified human resource. It was also observed that in the previous stakeholder‘s meetings there was a need for the development of training manuals and assessment plans for NTA Level 5 & 6, in order to support the establishment and implementation of the curriculum in PTIs. During MAP kick- off workshop done in February 2018, Stakeholders agreed that there was a need for development of the said manuals and it was among the highest priority in Pharmacy education in Tanzania. Therefore this project aims at developing facilitator‘s guide and assessment plans for NTA Level 5 & 6. Pharmacy Council, CSSC and action medeor developed the Terms of Reference and selected a qualified service provider with experience in material development to develop the mentioned training manuals and assessment plan. Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) was selected and offered a contract to develop Facilitators guide for NTA level 5 & 6 and assessment plan. Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) was offered a leading role with the instructions to include experts who have developed teaching materials for NTA Level 4. These experts are primarily experienced pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical tutors. The mode of operation used by CEDHA to develop facilitator‘s guide and assessment plan was participatory approach which included a number of activities through various workshops such as planning, and orientation of material development. After these preliminary PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide iii workshops, experts developed materials individually and in-groups. Thereafter, developed draft materials were reviewed, edited and formatted and draft one was finalized and shared to stakeholders for inputs. Finally, CEDHA submitted the finalized Facilitator‘s guides and assessment plans for NTA level 5 and 6 to CSSC for endorsement, printing, dissemination and sharing with relevant authorities. There are 12 modules for NTA level 6 making 12 Facilitator guides and one Practicum guide. PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide iv Acknowledgment The development of standardized training materials of a competence-based curriculum for pharmaceutical sciences has been accomplished through involvement of different stakeholders. Special thanks go to the Pharmacy Council for spearheading the harmonization of training materials in the pharmacy after noticing that training institutions in Tanzania were using different curricula and train their students differently. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Christian Social Service Commission (CSSC) for their tireless efforts to mobilize funds from development partners (German Ministry of Industry and action medeor). It is through the implementation of the Multi-Actors Partnership (MAP) project, CSSC has been able to provide the financial and technical support needed during the development of this training material. Many thanks go to the Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) experts on health material development and training who coordinated the development of these module sessions particularly Ms. Diana H. Gamuya for her commitment in coordinating and facilitating the planning and development to its completion. Particular acknowledgements are sent to Mr. Dickson Mtalitinya and Members from the secretariat of National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) for facilitating and providing their expertise to the success of this work. It will be unfair if I will not recognize the efforts and contributions of all CEDHA supportive staff that made this process a success; accountant, secretary, drivers and printers Finally, I very much appreciate the contributions of the tutors and content experts representing PTIs, hospitals, and other health training institutions. Their participation in meetings and workshops, and their input in the development of this training manual/facilitators guide have been invaluable. These participants are listed with our gratitude below: Ms. Elizabeth Shekalaghe Registrar, Pharmacy Council of Tanzania Dr. Fadhili Lyimo Assistant Director Allied Health,MoHCDGEC Dr. Jacqueline Uriyo Acting Principal, CEDHA Dr. Sungwa N. Kabissi Project Manager – MAP, CSSC Ms. Diana H. Gamuya CEDHA Ms. Grace Mallange PC Ms. Emily Mwakibolwa Pharmacy Council PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide v Ms. Tumaini H. Lyombe MUHAS Ms. Dilisi J. Makawia KSP Director of Human Resources Development Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide vi Introduction Module Overview This module content is a guide for tutors of Pharmaceutical schools for training of students. The session contents are based on sub-enabling outcomes and their