Principles of Counselling and Guidance
PST 06102
:
Counselling and Guidance
Session
2: Principles of Counselling and Guidance
1
Learning tasks
At the end of this session, students are expected to be able to
:
2
Definition of Principles of counselling and guidance
Principles
are fundamental norms, rules, or values that represent what is desirable and positive for a person, group, organization, or community, which help in determining the rightfulness or wrongfulness of its actions.
Principles
are more basic than policy and objectives, and are meant to govern both.
3
Activity:
Buzzing
What are the principles
of Quality Counselling
4
The
principles of quality
counseling
The following are the principles of quality counseling
Establish and maintain rapport with the client
Assess the client's needs and personalize discussions accordingly
Work with the client interactively to establish a plan
Provide information that can be understood and retained by the client
Confirm client understanding
5
a. Establish
and maintain rapport with the client
This is
vital to the encounter and achieving positive outcomes,
it can
begin by creating a welcoming environment and should continue through every stage of the client encounter, including follow-up.
Counseling
models that emphasized the quality of the interaction between client and provider have been associated with
increased
rational use of medicines,
increased
use of more effective methods,
increased
use of repeat or follow-up services,
increased
knowledge, and enhanced psychosocial determinants of medicines
6
b. Assess
the client's needs and personalize discussions accordingly
Each visit should be tailored to the client's individual circumstances and needs, standardized questions and assessment tools can help providers determine what services are most appropriate for a given visit
Assess the client's needs and personalize discussions accordingly to his or her problem, for example if it is problem of poor adherence to prescribed medicines, outcomes of counseling can increase poor adherence or eliminate poor adherence.
7
with the client interactively to establish a plan
Working with a client interactively to establish a plan, including a plan for follow-up, is important.
Establishing
a plan should include setting goals, discussing possible difficulties with achieving goals, and developing action plans to deal with potential difficulties.
Use
of computerized decision aids before the appointment can facilitate this process
by interactive
framework for clients to analyze their available options systematically
8
d
. Provide
information that can be understood and retained by the client
Clients need information that is medically accurate, balanced, and nonjudgmental to make informed decisions and follow through on developed plans.
When speaking with clients or providing educational materials through any medium e.g., written, audio/visual, or computer/web-based, the provider must present information in a manner that can be readily understood and retained by the client.
9
e.
Confirm
client understanding
It is important to ensure that clients have processed the information provided and discussed. One technique for confirming understanding is to have the client restate the most important messages in her or his own words.
This teach-back method can increase the likelihood of the client and provider reaching a shared understanding, and has improved compliance with treatment plans and health outcomes
Using the teach-back method early in the decision-making process will help ensure that a client has the opportunity to understand her or his options and is making informed choices.
10
Principles of Quality Guidance
The following are the principles of quality guidance
Take time to solve problems and make decisions.
Let the counselee develop his own insights.
Guidance is a lifelong process.
Guidance service should be extended to all, not simply to the maladjusted.
Guidance workers should rigorously observe a code of ethics
.
11
Guidance places emphasis on the dignity, worth and individuality of the clients as a means of promoting the democratic way of life.
Guidance is concerned with the choices and decisions to be made by the client.
Guidance is primarily concerned with prevention rather than cure.
Guidance is a continuous process throughout the treatment process.
12
Difference Between Guidance and Counseling
Guidance process aims at making clients be aware of the rightness or wrongness of their choices and
decision
, on which their future depends.
It
is a service that assists clients in selecting the most appropriate treatment for them, to discover and develop their psychological abilities and ambitions.
Guidance
results in self-development and helps a person to plan his present and future
wisely
Counseling is not just giving advice or making a judgment, but also helping the client to see clearly the root of problems and identify the potential solutions to the issues.
The
counselor also changes the viewpoint of the client, to help him take the right decision or choose a course of action.
It
will also help the client to remain intuitive and positive in the future
13
Similarities of Guidance and
Counseling
Both
are helping services
Both aim at solving problems
Both are principled
activities
14
Key Points
Principles
are fundamental norms, rules, or values that represent what is desirable and positive for a person, group, organization, or community, and help in determining the rightfulness or wrongfulness of its actions
.
Principles
are more basic than policy and objectives, and are meant to govern both.
15
Review questions
What are the differences between counseling and guidance?
What are the Principles of Quality Guidance
?
16
References
Beardsley, R. S., Johnson, C. A., & Wise, G. (1977). Privacy as a Factor in Patient Counseling.
Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1961),
17
(6), 366-368. doi:10.1016/s0003-0465(16)34218-5.
Bernstein L, Bernstein RS.
Interviewing: (
2000)
A Guide for Health Professionals. N
ew York: Appleton-Century-Crofts,
Agrawal, R (2006)
Educational, Vocational Guidance and Counselling
, New Delhi,
Sipra
Publication
.
MOHSW (2005).
National Guidelines for Voluntary Counselling and Testing.
Dar
es
Salaam, Tanzania: National AIDS Control
Programme
.
USP (2003).
USP Medication Counseling Behavior Guidelines.
USP Convention,
Inc
, Rockville MD,
17
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