General Types of Counselling
PST 06102
:
Counselling and Guidance
Session 3:
General Types of Counselling
1
Learning tasks
At the end of this session, students are expected to be able to
:
Explain
individual counseling
Explain group counseling
Explain couple counseling
2
Activity:
Buzzing
What
is
individual counseling?
3
Individual counselling
It
is a one-to-one helping relationship in which the counsellor helps the client to accept, own, solve or cope with the problem.
Features of individual counselling includes client comes on his/her own or he/she is referred from another counsellor/source
.
4
Individual counselling
Client coming for counselling may be an adult, youth or child who is:
Able to talk rationally
Mentally distraught – unable to think/talk rationally
With
varied life experience
5
Duration of individual counselling
It may
involve one or more than one sessions.
The setting
can be a
counselling
centre
, VCT
centre
/hospital.
The nature and duration of individual counselling cannot be determined until the nature of the problem is clarified.
In most cases the initial session begins in a similar way of staying with a client for 45 minutes to 60 minutes per session.
Counselling relationship may be terminated when a counsellor and client reach to a successful conclusion of the counselling relationship or client referral is made.
6
Group Counseling
It is a one-to-group helping relationship in which the counsellor works with the group in seeking a solution to their common problem. Example: new candidates of ARV therapy
Group Counselling is designed to help clients in a group to achieve increased mutuality, integration, and acceptance of reality, socialization, realistic goals, adaptability and responsibility for self esteem.
The general aim is to help members appraise themselves so that they may gain understanding, and broad perceptive of themselves in relation to others.
7
Features of Group
Counseling
A
group of clients must have the following features;
Clients in the group must have a common problem.
There must be dynamic integration among members.
Members must be reasonably mature and mentally sound to be able to talk about and tackle their common problem.
Members must have capacity for self-direction.
Members should be as compatible as possible
8
Couple Counselling
Couple
refers to two people, usually of opposite sex, who may be:
Married
Cohabiting (not married but a man and woman are staying together)
Friends
Couple counselling occurs when two individuals who have had or who intend to have sexual relations wish to discuss issues concerning HIV together and look for ways to cope with the situation.
9
Couple Counselling
Usually two people come in for couple
counseling
if:
They intend to get married
One or both member/s is/are sick
They intend to have children
They are having conflicts in the home around being honest about sexual practices and safer sex
The couple has a sick child; or the child dies of AIDS or any other diseases
They have been referred to the clinic by a doctor
10
Key
points
Individual
counseling is a one-to-one helping relationship in which the counsellor helps the client to accept, own, solve or cope with the
problem
Features
of individual counselling includes client comes on his/her own or he/she is referred from another counsellor/source.
Group Counselling is designed to help clients in a group to achieve increased mutuality, integration, and acceptance of reality, socialization, realistic goals, adaptability and responsibility for self.
11
Review questions
What
are the features of group counselling?
What
is couple counselling?
12
References
MoHSW (2005)
National guidelines for the clinical management of HIV and AIDS
, Dar
es
Salaam
.
Hubley
, J. (1993).
Communicating Health. An action and guide to health and health
Promotion.
1st Edition. British
Angotti
N, et al. (2009)
Increasing the acceptability of HIV counseling and testing with
three C’s: convenience, confidentiality and credibility. Thailand
MM,
Ostermann
J, Crump JA, (2010).
Characteristics of HIV voluntary counseling and testing clients before and during care and treatment scale-up
.Moshi, Tanzania.
Jones A. J (1951),
Principles of Guidance and Pupil Personal work
. New York. McGraw Hill
13
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