Guidance Techniques
PST
06102
:
Counselling and Guidance
Session 5:
Guidance Techniques
1
Learning tasks
At the end of this session, students are expected to be able to
:
Define guidance techniques
Explain guidance techniques
Describe characteristics of a good guidance services
Identify quality of effective guidance
counselors
2
Definition of Guidance Techniques
It is the assistance or help rendered by a more experienced person to a less experiences person to solve certain major problems i.e. educational, vocational, personal etc.
They help
the individual to become increasingly competent in self-direction and self-help; it is a continuous process of service to
individuals
They are
designed to help one individual or group of individuals in making necessary adjustment to environment whether that be health problems or outside it
3
Activity:
Buzzing
What are the techniques for effective guidance
?
4
Guidance Techniques
The following are the techniques for effective guidance
Positive verbal environment, positive reinforcement, using consequences, warning, effective praise, suggesting, persuading, redirecting, listening, ignoring and encouraging
5
Techniques
for effective
guidance
Positive reinforcement
Positive verbal environment
Using consequences
Warning
Effective praise
Persuading
Redirecting
Listening
Encouraging
Ignoring
6
a. Positive
reinforcement
:
Involves the addition of a reinforcing stimulus following a behavior that makes it more likely that the behavior will occur again in the future. When a favorable outcome, event, or reward occurs after an action, that particular response or behavior will be strengthened
.
7
b. Positive
verbal environment:
Means
establishing Positive Verbal Environments that is strategies for promoting social development through positive guidance.
As social creatures, we all interact with each other in an environment that we create together through our communication, positive, nurturing interactions over time lead to a more positive self-esteem to client
Negative verbal environments are ones in which clients feel unworthy, unlovable, insignificant, or incompetent because of what counselor say or do
8
consequences
letting
client experience the natural or logical consequences of their actions is one way to teach responsibility, natural consequences are the inevitable result of a client’s own
actions
The act of warning, the state of being warned he had warning of his illness, something that warns or serves to warn especially a notice or bulletin that alerts the public to an imminent hazard (such as a tornado, thunderstorm, or flood) warning
9
praise
Effective Praise can increase your client’s positive behaviors while decreasing negative behaviors. Effective Praise also builds confidence and creates greater family harmony.
It is a four-step teaching process that is planned and
pur
–
poseful
. It is specific, genuine, and contingent on positive
behavior
e. Persuading
To make someone do or believe something by giving them a good reason to do it or by talking to that person and making them believe it
10
f. Redirecting
To direct (someone or something) to a different place or by a different route. E.g., If you redirect your energy, resources, or ability, you begin doing something different or trying to achieve something
different
g. Listening
It i
s giving one's attention to sound,
Eg
; speech, music or natural sounds. Listening involves complex affective, cognitive, and behavioral processes
11
h. Encouraging
The act of making something more appealing or more likely to happen. something that makes someone more determined, hopeful, or confident. Something that makes someone more likely to do
something.
i
. Ignoring
Do not encourage inappropriate behavior, if not dangerous, avoid giving them attention and do not look directly at them
Ignoring is inappropriate if the behavior is harmful or damaging property, tell the client what behavior you are ignoring and what behavior you desire
12
Characteristics of a Good Guidance Service
Identifiable aids to assist individuals.
Involved
in achieving goals of treatment.
Provide for competent pharmaceutical personnel or other health workers.
Supported by functional preparations for pharmaceutical personnel in guidance services.
13
Based on the knowledge of the needs of the clients and upon competencies of other health workers.
Services made available to clients.
Needs the cooperation of family members and community.
More preventive than curative.
Founded on the concept of the totality of the individual.
Should be evaluated constantly
14
Quality of effective guidance counselors
Detail oriented,
Discreet and trustworthy,
Problem solver,
Compassionate.
Great manager of time,
Great communication skills in order to talk to patients and relatives.
Tolerant
and understanding of clients situations
Motivational and enthusiastic for clients success
Belief in the ability of all clients to succeed
15
Key
points
Techniques for effective guidance are; Positive verbal environment, positive reinforcement, using consequences, warning, effective praise, suggesting, persuading, redirecting, listening, ignoring and
encouraging
Characteristics of a good guidance service: identifiable aids to assist individuals, involved in achieving goals of treatment,
16
Review questions
What are the techniques for effective guidance?
What are the characteristics of a good guidance service?
17
References
MoHSW (2005)
National guidelines for the clinical management of HIV and AIDS
, Dar
es
Salaam
.
Hubley
, J. (1993).
Communicating Health. An action and guide to health and health
Promotion.
1st Edition. British
Angotti
N, et al. (2009)
Increasing the acceptability of HIV counseling and testing with
three C’s: convenience, confidentiality and credibility. Thailand
MM,
Ostermann
J, Crump JA, (2010).
Characteristics of HIV voluntary counseling and testing clients before and during care and treatment scale-up
.Moshi, Tanzania.
Jones A. J (1951),
Principles of Guidance and Pupil Personal work
. New York. McGraw Hill
18
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