Liquid Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms for External Use
Session 5: Liquid Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms for External Use
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Pre-requisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |10 minutes |Presentation |Definition of Topical Liquid Dosage |
| | |Brainstorming |Forms |
|3 | |Presentation |Types of Topical Liquid Dosages |
| |70 minutes |Small Group |Forms |
| | |Discussion | |
|4 |25 minutes |Presentation |Advantages and Disadvantages of |
| | |Buzzing |Topical Liquid Dosage Forms |
|5 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
| 6 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Definition of Topical Liquid Dosage Form (10 minutes)
|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |
| |
|Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: |
| |
|What is a topical liquid dosage form? |
| |
|ALLOW few students to respond |
| |
|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |
liquid form that involves the mixing of active drug component and non-
drug components (excipient) to the suitable vehicle for topical use
preparations
conditions
STEP 3: Types of Topical Liquid Dosage Forms (70 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|What are the types of topical liquid dosage forms? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
o These are liquid preparations containing one or more soluble
ingredient(s ) usually dissolved in water
o Solutions have many appellations (designations)
o For topical use, solutions may be issued sterile or unsterilized,
depending on the intended use e.g. sterile for ophthalmic preparations
(eye drops) or unsterile for skin and other mucous membrane
preparations (nasal drops, ear drops, skin antiseptics, enemas)
o Ear drops
glycol or alcohol/water mixture for local use in the ear
antiseptics, cleansing solutions and wax softeners
o Eye Drops
contact lens rewetting(as lubricants),glaucoma, prevention of eye
infections after surgery or transplant ,dry eye conditions
,allergic conditions and ophthalmic procedures
o Nasal Drops
nasal cavity
inflammatories and decongestants
o Enemas
suspensions) for rectal administration of medicaments for
cleansing, diagnostic or therapeutic reasons
o Are liquid or semi-liquid preparations containing one or more active
ingredients in a suitable vehicle intended for application to the
unbroken skin to treat skin diseases/conditions or antiseptics, or as
protectives
o Lotions are applied on the skin without friction
o Lotions may contain humectants so that moisture is retained on the
skin after application of the product, or alcohol which evaporates
quickly, imparting a cooling effect and leaving the skin dry
o Examples of lotions
o Are liquid preparations intended for massage into the skin
o They can contain counter-irritant ingredients such as methyl
salicylate or camphor
o Examples include Liniment alba
o Liquids for application on mucous membranes or skin in small amounts
with a brush are called paints
o Colloids are similar to paints but leave a tough, flexible film which
seals small cuts or hold a drug in intimate contact with the skin
o Are aqueous solutions for prevention and treatment of mouth and throat
infections
o They usually contain antiseptics, analgesics, and or astringents
o They are usually diluted with water before use
STEP 4: Advantages and Disadvantages of Topical Liquid Dosage Forms (25
minutes)
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What are the advantages and disadvantages of topical liquid dosage |
|forms? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
o Avoidance of first pass metabolism
o Convenient and easy to apply
o Avoids fluctuations in drug levels
o Ability to terminate medication easily when needed
o Easy delivery of drug to specific site
o Avoidance of intestinal incompatibility
o Provide utilization of drugs with narrow therapeutic window
o Improves patient compliance
o Provide suitability for self-medication
o Skin irritation for some drugs
o Poor permeability of some drugs through the skin
o Higher possibility of allergic reactions
STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes)
membrane
the intended use
paints, colloids, gargles, mouth washes and liniments
STEP 6: Evaluation (5 minutes)
liquid dosage forms for internal use?
References
Aulton, M.E.,Taylor, M.K. (2001). Pharmaceutics: The Science of dosage form
design
(2nd ed.). USA: Churchill Livingstone
.
Cooper, J.W., Gunns, C., & Carter, S.J. (2008). Dispensing for
Pharmaceutical Students
(12th end). Delhi, India: CBS Publishers and Distributors.
Rawlins, E.A. (2001).Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics (8th ed.). London,
UK:
Bailliere Tindall.
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