An elevated lesion of normal colour with a smooth surface.

It can either be sessile or penduculated.

The size of the tumour varies from small to several cm in diameter.

The lesion is prone to traumatisation and ulceration due to its projection over the surface.

Described as a well defined, slow growing tumour affecting all ages but mostly in the 3rd, 4th and 5th decades.

Common sites for its occurrence include the gingiva, buccal mucosa, tongue,lips and palate.

On palpation, the lesion is either soft and spongy or firm.

A benign neoplasm characterized by replacement of normal bone by fibrous tissue of varying amount of newly formed bone or cementum like material.

Common in female

Affect the mandible molar premolar region

Occurs commonly in 3rd to 4th decade of life

It presents as a painless slow growing expansible lesion

Swelling when it grows big causing facial assymetry

Displacement of teeth can be noticed

Well circmscribed radioluscency with varying degree of calcification.

Sclerotic margins

Bowing of the inferior boarder of the mandible

Benign overgrowth of the fibrous connective tissue.

A result id chronic irritation or trauma

Forms of fibrous hyperplasia

Fibrous epulis

Pregnancy epulis

Peripheral giant cell glanuloma

Pyogenic granuloma

common present as a pedunculated mass, firm of consistency with similar colour od adjacent gingiva.

Most arise between 11- 40 years

Pregnancy epulis

Presents as a soft, deep reddish purple swelling, extensively ulcerated

Bleeding occurs spontenously or due to minor trauma

Arise around first trimester

Regress after delivery

Less common

Present as dark red pedunculated commonly ulcerated

Peak incidence in male is 2nd decade whike in female 5th decade of life

Common in mandible than maxilla

Arise anywhere on gingiva or alveolar mucosa

Aries on the gingiva, tongue, buccal and labial mucosa

Initiated by trauma or irritation

Hyperplastic granulation tissue

Treatment include excision

Removal of the irritant

May recur but has no malignant potential

An Angioma is a tumour, the cells of which tend to form blood or lymph vessels.

Capillary Hemangiomas are composed of a stroma containing many small capillary blood vessels.

Large cavernous hemangiomas microscopically contain large endothelium-lined vascular spaces engorged with blood.

Hemagiomas and lymphagiomas

considered to be benign tumours of infancy that are characterized by rapid growth phase with endothelial proliferation followed by gradual involution.

They are not recognized at birth appear within 8 weeks of life

Occur in 5-10% of 1 year old children

Female: male 3:1

Common loaction is in the head and neck, which accounts for 60% of all hemangiomas cases.

80% occurs as single lesion the rest 20% of the affected patient will have multiple lesions.

A pale macule with thread like telangiectasias may be noted on the skin.

During the first few weeks of life the tumours will rapid development that occur faster than the infact overall growth.

Superficial tumors of the skin appear raised with bright red color, they are firm rubbery on palpation and blood can not be evacuated by applying pressure.

Deeper tumors may be slightly raised with bluish hue

The prolifeative phase usually last 6-10 month and begins to involute.by 5 years most of hemangioma show complete resolution

Some resolve with no complication but changes like atrophy, scarring,wrinkling or telangectasis

Observations as they resolve

Pharmacological therapy eg systemic corticosteroids may reduce the size

Sclerotherapy for smaller lesion

Surgery after sclerotherapy

benign harmatomatous tumor of lymphahtic vessel.

Developmental malformation that arise from sequestration of lymphatic tissues that do not communicate noramally with the rest of the lymphatic vessels.

Lymphangioma simplex / capillary lymphangioma: consist of small, capillary sized vessel

Cavernous lympangioma: composed of larger dilated lypmphatic system

Cystic lymphangioma/ cystic hygroma: exhibit large, macroscopic cystic space

lymphangioma have a marked predilection for the head and neck which accounts for 50-75% of all cases

About half of lesions are noted at birth and around 90% develop by 2 years of age.

Oral lymphagioma may occur at various site but most frequent anterior two third of the tongue, appear as macroglossia.

Lesions are soft, fluctuant mass.

Surgical excision, total removal may not be possible.

There are chances of recurence

Sclerotheray doesn’t respond well but some cases used,

Lipoma is benign tumor of fat.

Most occur on the trunk and proximal portions of extremities.

Lipoma in the oral and facial regions are less frequent

Lipoma is a benign, slow-growing tumor composed of mature fat cells located beneath the oral mucosa.

Oral lipomas are soft, smooth surfaced nodular masses that can sessile or pedunculated

Tumors are asymptomatic and often noted after many ears or month

Buccal mucosa and vestibule are the most common intraoral site

It is encountered in adults, rare in children

The overlying epithelium is so thin over the surface, that superficial b.v are readily visible. The lesion is soft to palpation.

Treatment: surgical excision