Introduction to Tablets
Session 15: Introduction to Tablets
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Pre-requisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |5 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |10 minutes |Buzzing |Definitions |
| | |Presentation | |
|3 |20 minutes |Presentation |Characteristics of Tablets |
|4 |50 minutes |Presentation |Classification of Tablets |
|5 | |Small Group |Advantages and Disadvantages of |
| |15 minutes |Discussion |Tablets |
| | |Presentation | |
|6 |10 minutes |Presentation |Unit Processes in Tablet |
| | | |Manufacturing |
|7 |5 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|8 |5 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Definitions (10 minutes)
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What is a tablet? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
containing one or more medicaments with or without excipients
without diluents
➢ size,
➢ shape,
➢ weight,
➢ hardness,
➢ thickness,
➢ disintegration and
➢ dissolution
mode of administration
to formulate or administer
STEP 3: Characteristics of Tablets (20 minutes)
o A tablet should have elegant product identity while free of defects
like chips, cracks, discoloration, and contamination
o Should have sufficient strength to withstand mechanical shock during
its production packaging, shipping and dispensing
o Should have the chemical and physical stability to maintain its
physical attributes over time
o The tablet must be able to release the medicinal agents in a
predictable and reproducible manner
o Must have a chemical stability over time so as not to follow
alteration of the medicinal agents
o Should be uniform in size, weight, and appearance
STEP 4: Classification of Tablets (50 minutes)
administration
o Compressed tablets
o Moulded tablets
o Tablets ingested orally (oral tablets)
o Tablets used in the oral cavity
o Tablets administered by other routes
o Tablets to prepare solution
STEP 5: Advantages and Disadvantages of Tablets (15 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion (10 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|What are the advantages and disadvantages of tablets? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 10 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
o They are unit dosage forms and offer the greatest capabilities of all
oral dosage forms for the greatest dose precision and the least
content variability
o Cost is lowest of all oral dosage forms
o Lighter and compact
o Easiest to package and strip
o Cheapest to package and strip
o Easier to swallow
o Easy to produce sustainable release product by enteric coating
o Objectionable odour and bitter taste can be masked
o Suitable for large scale production
o Greatest chemical and microbiological stability over all oral dosage
forms
o Product identification is easy and rapid
o Difficult to swallow in case of children and unconscious patients
o Some drugs resist compression due to amorphous nature and low density
characters
poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (hence low
bioavailability)
sensitive to oxygen may require encapsulation or coating, hence
increased cost
STEP 6: Unit Processes in Tablet Manufacturing (10 minutes)
o The chemical and physical properties of active ingredient involved and
route of administration.
o The manufacturing process to be employed.
o The method by which the tablet is to be used, i.e. swallowed whole,
chewed, dissolved in water, etc. These three factors are inter-
related.
o Dry methods which includes:-
compaction)
o Wet methods which includes:-
o Weighing and Measuring
o Mixing
o Granulation
o Drying
o sieving
o Compression
o Coating
o Packaging [pic]
[pic]
STEP 7: Key Points (5 minutes)
containing one or more medicaments with or without excipients
and dissolution characters
the oral cavity, tablets administered by other routes, tablets to prepare
solution
chips, cracks, discoloration, and contamination
STEP 8: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Aulton M.E & Kevin M.G, Eds: (2013) Pharmaceutics: The design and
manufacture of medicines, (4th ed.) Churchill Livingstone
Hugo and Russell (2011), Pharmaceutical Microbiology (8th ed.), Willey-
Blackwel publications
Gennaro, R. A, et al. (Eds) (1995) Remington: The Science and Practice of
Pharmacy, Volume I & II, (19th ed.): Mack Publishing Company, Easton,
Pennsylvania 18042
Liebsch, B et al (1988): Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook, Dar es Salaam
University Press.
Lund, W. Editor (1994). The Pharmaceutical Codex, Principles and Practice
of Pharmaceutics (12th ed.): The Pharmaceutical Press, London
Polderman, J (1990). Introduction to Pharmaceutical Production: Novib, The
Hague
Rawlins E.A, Editor: (1977) Bentley’s Textbook of Pharmaceutics, 8th Ed.
Baillie're Tindall. London Kamm, G. and Kohler, B. Editors: (1995)
Manual for Decentralized Infusion Production, Infusion Unit Project
Tanzania
Schmidt, O. (ed) (2000) Pharmaceutical Quality systems, Interpharm Press,
Colorado.
Shayne C et al (2008), Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Handbook: Production
and processes, John Wiley & Sons
Watson, D. G (1999) Pharmaceutical Analysis: A Textbook for Pharmacy
Students and Pharmaceutical Chemists: Churchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh.
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