Cardiac Glycosides
Session 28: Cardiac Glycosides
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |5 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Objectives |
|2 |30 minutes |Presentation |Properties of Cardiac Glycosides |
|3 |60 minutes |Presentation |Sources, Constituents and Uses of |
| | | |Selected Cardiac Glycosides |
|4 |15 minutes |Presentation |Mechanism of Action for Cardiac |
| | | |Glycosides |
|5 |5 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|6 |5 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Properties of Cardiac Glycosides (30 minutes)
cardiac muscles (positive ionotropic effect on the heart)
o consists of one or more monosaccharide units
o contains a steroid nucleus and a lactone ring
o has steroidal nucleus
o is always attached at C-3 position of aglycone part
o Cardenolides
o Bufadienolides
from toads
o Amorphous
o Odorless
o Bitter tasting
o Soluble in water
o Insoluble in organic solvents
o Very toxic compounds
o Keller Kilian test
colour
o Legal test
red to pink colour
STEP 3: Sources, Constituents and Uses of Selected Cardiac Glycosides (60
minutes)
o Definition
purpurea (common name purple fox glove), family Scrophulariaceae
o Constituents
terminal glucose to produce;
o D. lanata produces
by Digitalis purpurea
o Uses of digitalis
o Definition
which the membrenous outer scales have been removed (family
Liliaceae)
o Constituents
o Which is crystalline in form
o An amorphous mixture of glycosides
other glycosides
o Uses
o Definition
hispidus, family apocynaceae
o Constituents
cymarin
o Composed of the genin strophanthidin
o Coupled to a trissaccharide with cymarose, β-glucose
and α-glucose
o Are short-acting cardiac glycosides
STEP 4: Mechanism of Action for Cardiac Glycosides (15 minutes)
o Inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase of the cardiac cells, which increases the
intracellular Na+ ions levels
o The increased Na+ ion levels within the cardiac cells inhibits the
Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, this in turn, results in increased concentrations
of Ca2+ within the cardiac cells
o The increased intracellular Ca2+ increases contractile force of the
cardiac muscles
[pic]
STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes)
on cardiac muscles
purpurea
including congestive heart failure (CHF), arrhythmias and atrial
fibrillations
STEP 10: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Trease, G. E., Evans, W. C., & Evans, D. (2009). Trease and Evans
pharmacognosy. London: Saunders.
Joanne Barnes et al (2002), Herbal medicines 3rd Edition: Pharmaceutical
Press
Wallis, T. E. (2005). Textbook of pharmacognosy. New Delhi: CBS.
Robbers, J. E., Speedie, M. K., Tyler, V. E., & Tyler, V. E. (1996).
Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore: Williams &
Wilkins.
Heinrich, M., Kinghorn, A. D., Maizels, D., Gibbons, S., & Phillipson, J.
Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
.
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