Computer Introduction
Introduction to Computers | Learn Computer Basics Computer Basics Introduction Main Parts Hardware Software Introduction to Computers Learn the fundamentals of computers, from hardware components to software applications. Start Learning What is a Computer? A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data. It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data. Modern computers can be defined as programmable machines that execute pre-registered sets of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. Computers can perform diverse operations such as calculations, data processing, and various other tasks. Computers consist of two main components: hardware and software. Main Parts of a Computer Hardware The physical components of a computer system, including the machinery and devices that are part of the computer. Hardware components include the monitor, keyboard, mouse, computer data storage, CPU, and the motherboard. Learn More About Hardware Software The programs and operating information used by a computer. Software is a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work. Software includes operating systems, applications, and various utility programs. Learn More About Software What is Hardware? Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer system, including the machinery and devices that are part of the computer. These components are tangible – you can touch and see them. Five Types of Computer Hardware Input Devices Output Devices Processing Devices Storage Devices Communication Devices Input Devices Devices used to provide data and control signals to a computer. Input devices allow users to enter data and commands into the computer system. Keyboard Mouse Scanner Microphone Webcam Output Devices Devices that receive data from a computer and present it to the user. Output devices convert the electronic information from the computer into a form that humans can understand. Monitor Printer Speakers Projector Headphones Processing Devices Components that interpret and execute instructions. These devices are responsible for processing data and carrying out instructions given to the computer. CPU GPU Motherboard RAM ROM RAM vs ROM Feature RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read-Only Memory) Type Volatile memory Non-volatile memory Function Temporary storage while computer is running Permanent storage for firmware Data Access Data can be read and written quickly Data can only be read, not modified Power Dependency Loses data when power is off Retains data even when power is off Storage Devices Devices that store data and information. Storage devices are used to save data permanently or temporarily for later use. Hard Disk Drive SSD USB Flash Drive CD/DVD/Blu-ray Memory Card Communication Devices Devices that enable a computer to connect and communicate with other computers and networks. These devices facilitate data transfer between different computer systems. Network Interface Card Modem Wi-Fi Adapter Bluetooth Adapter Router Supporting Devices Additional hardware that supports and enhances the functionality of a computer. Power Supply Unit Converts AC power from the mains to DC power that the computer components need to operate. Cooling Systems Fans, heat sinks, and liquid cooling systems that prevent components from overheating. Sound Card Processes audio data and outputs it to speakers or headphones. UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) Provides backup power to the computer system in case of power outages. Expansion Cards Add functionality to a computer, such as additional USB ports, graphics capabilities, or specialized interfaces. What is Software? Software refers to the set of instructions or programs that tell a computer what to do. Unlike hardware, software is intangible and consists of code that runs on the computer’s hardware. Types of Software System Software Application Software Utility Software System Software System software controls the computer’s hardware and provides a platform for running application software. It includes operating systems and device drivers. Windows Linux macOS Device Drivers Application Software Application software performs specific tasks for users, such as word processing, web browsing, or graphic design. Microsoft Word Web Browsers Photoshop Excel Utility Software Utility software helps maintain and optimize the computer system, including tools for antivirus protection, disk cleanup, and file compression. Antivirus Disk Cleanup WinZip Defragmenter System vs Application Software Feature System Software Application Software Purpose Manages hardware and provides platform Performs specific user tasks Examples Windows, Linux, macOS Microsoft Office, Web Browsers User Interaction Minimal direct interaction High user interaction Dependency Works independently Requires system software © 2025 Computer Basics Course. All rights reserved. Designed to help beginners understand the fundamentals of computers.
