What makes spreadsheets so powerful is their ability to:

• Calculate automatically - Update results instantly when input values change
• Format conditionally - Change appearance based on cell values
• Filter and sort - Organize data based on specific criteria
• Create visualizations - Convert numerical data into meaningful charts

A workbook is a file that contains one or more worksheets. Each worksheet is a separate page within the workbook where you can enter and organize data.

Workbooks allow you to:

• Organize related data in separate sheets
• Navigate between sheets using tabs at the bottom
• Consolidate data from multiple sheets for analysis

Here are some key actions you can perform with workbooks:

• Create a new workbook: Click on File → New → Blank workbook
• Add a new sheet: Click the + icon next to the sheet tabs
• Rename a sheet: Right-click on the sheet tab and select Rename
• Delete a sheet: Right-click on the sheet tab and select Delete
• Move or copy a sheet: Right-click on the sheet tab and select Move or Copy

To enter data in Excel:

• Click on the cell where you want to enter data
• Type the data (text, number, or formula)
• Press Enter to move to the next row or Tab to move to the next column

To copy and paste data:

• Select the cell or range of cells you want to copy
• Press Ctrl + C (or right-click and select Copy)
• Select the cell where you want to paste the data
• Press Ctrl + V (or right-click and select Paste)

To move data:

• Select the cell or range of cells you want to move
• Press Ctrl + X (or right-click and select Cut)
• Select the cell where you want to move the data
• Press Ctrl + V (or right-click and select Paste)

To delete data:

• Select the cell or range of cells you want to delete
• Press Delete (or right-click and select Delete)

Change the appearance of text using the following options:

• Font: Change the font type, size, and color
• Bold, Italic, Underline: Emphasize text
• Text Alignment: Align text left, center, or right
• Text Wrapping: Control how text wraps within a cell

Change the appearance of cells using the following options:

• Cell Background: Change the background color of cells
• Borders: Add borders to cells
• Cell Merging: Merge cells to create a single larger cell

Change the appearance of numbers using the following options:

• Number Format: Choose from various formats like Number, Currency, Accounting, etc.
• Decimal Places: Control the number of decimal places displayed
• Thousands Separator: Add a separator for thousands

Format a range of cells as a table to apply consistent styling:

• Select the range of cells you want to format as a table
• Go to the Insert tab and click on Table
• Choose a table style from the gallery

Relative references change when a formula is copied to another cell. For example:

• =A1+B1 - If copied to the next row, it becomes =A2+B2
• =C1*D1 - If copied to the next column, it becomes =D1*E1

Absolute references do not change when a formula is copied to another cell. Use the $ symbol to create absolute references. For example:

• =$A$1 - Always refers to cell A1, regardless of where the formula is copied
• =$C$1*$D$1 - Always refers to cells C1 and D1

Mixed references have one part relative and one part absolute. For example:

• =$A1 - Column A is fixed, but the row can change
• =A$1 - Row 1 is fixed, but the column can change

Named ranges allow you to refer to a cell or range of cells by a name instead of a cell reference. For example:

• Select the cell or range of cells you want to name
• Go to the Formulas tab and click on Define Name
• Enter a name for the range and click OK
• Use the name in your formulas, e.g., =SUM(SalesData)

A formula in Excel starts with an equal sign (=) followed by the calculation or function. For example:

• =A1+B1 - Adds the values in cells A1 and B1
• =C1*D1 - Multiplies the values in cells C1 and D1
• =SUM(A1:A10) - Adds all values from A1 to A10

Excel provides a wide range of built-in functions to perform various calculations. Here are some common functions: