NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06101

System Theory of Organization to the Health

Leadership and Management • Source Session/Topic 15

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Session 15: System Theory of Organization to the Health

System

Total Session Time: 120 minutes

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Define a term system

• Explain the system theory of organization

• List importance of system theory to our modern health working environment

• Describe the similarities of a health system to the ordinary social system

• List components of a social system

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers

• LCD projector and computer

• Handout 15.1: CEDHA social system

SESSION OVERVIEW

Activity/

Step Time Content

Method

1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks

2 05 minutes Presentation Definition of a System and Social System

25 minutes Presentation and

3 The System Theory of Organization

buzzing

4 30 minutes Presentation Components of a Social System

5 05 minutes Presentation Types of Systems

10 minutes Presentation Importance of System Theory to our Modern

Health Social Working System

30 minutes Presentation

The Similarities of Health System and

7 Small Group

Ordinary Social System

Discussion

8 05 minutes Presentation Key Points

9 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.

STEP 2: Definition of System and Social System (5 minutes)

• System is a series of parts which are interrelated and interdependent which interact to

make a complete unit.

• A social system is a society related system like health organization which among of the

key component is human resource.

STEP 3: The System Theory of Organization (25 minutes)

Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)

Ask students to pair in two and buzz on the following

• What is system theory of organization?

ALLOW few students to respond

WRITE their responses on the flip chart/board

CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below

• The system theory led to what many people call systems thinking. It has major concepts

of organizational systems theory as follows: – Inputs, processes, outputs, Boundaries and

Environment – Interdependence & Interrelated.

• It was developed by a famous Biologist Tudwig von Bertalariffy (1901 -1972).

• Since in a system all units are interrelated hence a change in one part has a link with the

rest of the parts.

• That implies in the health system, a change in pharmaceutical unit has a direct link with

the entire health system.

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

STEP 4: Components of a Social System (30 minutes)

• Inputs are all resources such as labour, information, energy, water, materials etc. inputs

come to the system in different forms from different environment or market.

• Processes represent way of converting or changing resources into products or completed

services.

• Outputs are the function of Inputs and Process hence results into complete product or

services.

• Feedback is a message from users of output that provide real perception on it to different

users may be at internal system of from external environment about the product. It is a

way of evaluation on the product.

• Boundaries are the limit between one system and subsystem with others not necessarily

boundaries like on the map but rather may be limitation in terms of authority justification.

and

• Environment – The surrounding that encircles or found between one system boundary and

others.

Subsystems

• These are the parts of a system as all subsystems in a system, constitute the total system;

and are distinguished by boundaries.

• Departments like Pharmaceutical, Administration, and Medical are examples of a

subsystem of a health system.

STEP 5: Types of Organization System (5 minutes)

• Open system which allows interactions

• Closed system which limits interactions.

STEP 6: Importance of System Theory to our Modern Health Social

Working System (10 minutes)

• The theory advocates respect to each unit however small it is; it has a significant

contribution to the entire system. Or

• Synergy or team work increases organization productivity

• Involvement in planning and decision making reduces conflicts in organization

• Pharmaceutical as a unit in the health system by being respected by this theory is a

motivating factor to pharmaceutical team.

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

STEP 7: The Similarities of Health System and Ordinary Social System (30

minutes)

Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 20 minutes)

DIVIDE students into small manageable groups

ASK students to discuss on the following question

• What are the similarities of health system and ordinary social system?

ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes

ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned

CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below:

• All systems have the same components like:

o inputs

o process

o output

o feedback

o boundary

o environment

• All systems have human resource components which perform the process or is a master of

all resources

• Interaction facilitates achievements of its set goal.

REFER Students to Handout 15.1: CEDHA Social System

STEP 8: Key points (5 minutes)

• A system is a series of interrelated and interdependent parts which interact to forma

whole

• The system theory has significantly contributed to motivate every unit in an organization

and it has improved managers thinking about each individual contribution pharmaceutical

staff inclusive.

• External environment has a role to the internal success as it has an influence.

• There are two types of systems open and closed system

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

STEP 9: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What is a system?

• What are system components?

• What are the types of systems?

• What is the importance of system theory to pharmaceutical service?

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

References

Peterson A.M, Kelly N.W (2014); Leadership and management in pharmacy practice, 2nd

edition, CRC press

Marquis, B. L and Huston, C. J (1996) Leadership Roles and Management Functions in

Nursing – Theory and Application, 2nd Edition: Lippincott, Philadelphia.

Graham, H. T. and Bennett, R. (1998). Human resources management. London: Pitman.

Heller, R. and Hindle, T. (1998). Essential managers manual. London: Dorling Kindersley.

Mashimi J B. (2006). Uongozi na Utawala Bora na maendeleo ya Afrika. Business Image

Graphic & Promotions.

Saleemi N.A. and Bogonko J. B. (1997). Management (Principles and Practice) Simplified.

N. A. Saleemi Publishers.

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

Handout 15.1 CEDHA Social System

CEDHA Social System

INPUTS PROCESS OUTPUTS

(Internal) – Technology – Granduands

(External) – Teaching – Printed

– Students – Research materials

– Examination – Services

– Books

– Accommodation – Written

– Funds etc – Catering Services dissertation

CEDHA System (Institute)

Feedback Users

ENVIRONME

NT

Internal External

System Boundary

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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