NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06101

Organizations Structures

Leadership and Management • Source Session/Topic 14

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Session 14: Organizations Structures

Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 120 minutes assignment

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Define organization structure

• List types of organization structures

• Describe organizational structure

• List advantages of organizational structures

• Enumerate principles to be observed when forming organization departments.

• State issues shown in organization charts

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers

• LCD projector and computer

• Note books and Pens

SESSION OVERVIEW

Activity/

Step Time Content

Method

1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks

2 05 minutes Presentation Organizational Structure

10 minutes Presentation

3 Types of Organization Structures

Buzzing

30 minutes Presentation

4 Small group Organizational Structure Description

Discussion

5 15 minutes Presentation Advantages of Organizational Structure

20 minutes Presentation Principles to be Observed when Forming

Organizational Departments

7 20 minutes Presentation Organization Charts Issues

8 05 minutes Presentation Key Points

9 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation

10 05 minutes Presentation Take home assignment

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.

STEP 2: Definition of the Term Organization Structure (5 minutes)

• Organizational structure is the layout of organization summing up key units and position

in the organization. Or

• Is a diagrammatic presentation of key organizational departments and units with title of

position holders.

• Organizational structure is network or diagrammatic representation of various

organization units. The network shows:

o Positions represented in boxes

o Networked by straight lines and dotted lines

o Hierarchy shape top position is one while subordinates at the base are many

STEP 3: Types of Organization Structures (5 minutes)

Activity: Buzzing (10 minutes)

Ask students to work in group of 4 on the following

• What are the types of organization structures?

ALLOW few students to respond

WRITE their responses on the flip chart/board

CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below

• There two structure type of organization; The mechanistic organization and Organic

structures

o Mechanistic organizations

 Have many rules and procedures, well-defined tasks, and a clear hierarchy of

authority.

 Often contains multiple levels within the hierarchy which creating a ―tall‖

organizational structure.

 The benefits of this type of organization are clear delineation of tasks, centralized

decision making, and potential for a career ladder by which employees can

progress and be promoted

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

 On the other hand the multiple layers seen in bureaucracies, coupled with

centralized decision making, make this model slow to adapt to change.

 Another form of mechanistic organization is the matrix organization. A matrix

organization has a dual authority system. Employees are organized along both

functional (project) and departmental lines

Figure 14.1 the Hospital as a matrix organization

Source: Peterson A.M, Kelly N.W (2014); Leadership and management in pharmacy practice, 2 nd edition,

• Organic organizations

o Organic structures are more flexible and more adaptable.

o Organic organizations use participative management as a style and are often less

concerned with a clearly defined structure.

o Organic organizations are typically flat, with only one or two levels of

management. Flat organizations emphasize a decentralized approach to decision

making and encourage employee involvement in decisions.

STEP 4: Organizational Structure (30 minutes)

Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes)

DIVIDE students into small manageable groups

ASK students to discuss on the following question

• What is Organizational Structure?

ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes

ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned

CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

• Organization structure is the pattern or network of relationship between various positions

or orders in the organization

• Designing organization structure is creating units with close relationship functions to be

grouped under one unit with similarities of function like administration and finance,

pharmaceutical, medical, nursing etc.

• The structure finally forms a hierarchy which the head of institution is one keeps

arranging level by level ending with many subordinates forming a pyramid structure.

• In other words, an organization structure is as well called organogram which is a

diagrammatic representation of various departments, units or sections exists in the

organization.

• Boxes in the structure represent positions while straight lines represent authority

relationship and dotted lines represent staff relationships.

STEP 5: Advantages of Organizational Structure (10 minutes)

• Assist showing authority flow arrangement from top to down

• Useful during orientation to new staff as it can show the department and if possible the

section where the new staff will be located or working

• Assists managers or institutional heads during debriefing of official visitors

• Useful during organizational restructuring where one unit may be combine or separated

with the other one

• In case of persistence of complaints or conflict in one unit or departments it assists

management to address.

STEP 6: Principles to be Observed when Forming Organizational

Departments (25 minutes)

• Similarities of functions; may be grouped into one department or unit and headed by one

actor

• Functions which might cause overlapping of responsibilities among actors

• Massiveness of actors in one unit which differs and causes wasting time waiting decision

from one head

• Uniqueness of activities regardless of few staff in that particular unit still they may form a

department or a unit.

STEP 7: Issues Shown in Organization Charts (20 minutes)

• Layout of the structure from top to down

• Positions arrangement flowing from top to down meaning

• Authority flow from head to subordinates

• Line relationship presented by straight lines which represents decision makers

• Staff relationship presented by dotted lines representing staff who play a role of advisory

to the decision makers

• Departments or unit arrangement in the entire organization chart

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

STEP 8: Key Points (5 minutes)

• Organization structure is a flow pattern of arrangements of position between heads and

subordinates

• Types of organization structures are tall structure and flat structure

• Organizational structures are useful to management and staff for many reasons.

• During forming structures similarities of functions, functions leads to conflicts,

uniqueness of functions and hugeness of the unit with some differences leads to forms of

departmentation.

• Some issues are shown in organization charts like position arrangement, line and staff

relationship and

• Other issues are not shown in organization charts like department with more influence,

things which are not happening as per structure, experiences among actors, etc.

STEP 9: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What is organizational structure?

• What are the types of organization structures?

• What are things which are shown in organizational structure?

• What is the importance of organizational structure?

STEP 10: Assignment (5 minutes)

Activity: Take home Assignment (1hour)

DIVIDE learners into small manageable groups

ASK the learner to work on the following assignment

• Design and draw organization chart with pharmacy unit

ALLOW learners to answer the question for 50 minutes

REFER learners to recommended references

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

References

Peterson A.M, Kelly N.W (2014); Leadership and management in pharmacy practice, 2nd

edition, CRC press

Marquis, B. L and Huston, C. J (1996) Leadership Roles and Management Functions in

Nursing – Theory and Application, 2nd Edition: Lippincott, Philadelphia.

Graham, H. T. and Bennett, R. (1998). Human resources management. London: Pitman.

Heller, R. and Hindle, T. (1998). Essential managers manual. London: Dorling Kindersley.

Mashimi J B. (2006). Uongozi na Utawala Bora na maendeleo ya Afrika. Business Image

Graphic & Promotions.

Saleemi N.A. and Bogonko J. B. (1997). Management (Principles and Practice) Simplified.

N. A. Saleemi Publishers.

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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