PST06107 Basic Veterinary Pharmacology

NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06107 Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry Basic Veterinary Pharmacology • Source Session/Topic 18 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. PST 06107 Basic Veterinary Pharmacology Session 18: Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: Define Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry List signs and symptoms of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry Describe pharmacological treatment of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry Describe Control and Prevention of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry Activity: Buzzing What is Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry? Definition of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) also called air sacculitis is an infection of chicken and turkeys caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum . The disease is transmitted in eggs or by indirect contact The disease is characterized by respiratory signs and lesions. Once started it follows a prolonged course in a flock. Concurrent infections such as infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, Escherichia coli , Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus paragallinarum or increased level of dust in the environment predispose to CRD. Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry Signs of CRD in a flock develop slowly and are usually manifested by drop in egg and meat production. They show varying degrees of respiratory distress, with slight to marked rales , difficulty in breathing, coughing, and/or sneezing. The lesions include airsacculitis , fibrinous perihepatitis and adhesive pericarditis . Chickens Infected with MG Have Nasal and Eye Discharges Pharmacological treatment of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry Tetracycline 2.5 to 10 mg/kg, PO in drinking water q 24 h for 3-5days, or Tiamulin 10%, 1:300-600 diluted in drinking water for 5 days, or Erythromycin 1: 10000 liters of drinking water for 3 days, or Tylosin, 0.5% in drinking water, or Enrofloxacin 15 mg/kg, IM, q12h or other fluoroquinolones can be given in the feed or water for 5-7 days; however, relapses are common Activity: Brainstorming What are the prevention measures for Chronic Respiratory Disease?? Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry Control and Prophylaxis Improve the management, husbandry or nutrition reduce dust in the house remove accumulated litter I mprove ventilation Evaluation What is Chronic Respiratory Disease? What are the common signs and symptoms Chronic Respiratory Disease? What is the pharmacological treatment of Chronic Respiratory Disease? What are the control measures against Chronic Respiratory Disease References Riviere J. E., Papich M. G. (2009). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (9 th Ed) Iowa, Wiley- Blackwel Publishers Hsu W. H. (2008). Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology (1 st Ed) Iowa, Wiley- Blackwel Publishers Kuafmann J, (1996). Parasitic infections of domestic animals , (2 nd ed ).Berlin, Birkhäuser Verlag Press Hoare E. W. (2013). A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology (2 nd ed ),New York, Forgotten Books Press Maddison . J. ( ed ) (2008). Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology , (2nd ed ). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited ← Previous TopicNext Topic →View all Basic Veterinary Pharmacology topicsOpen Complete Full Notes PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06107 Pharmacotherapy of Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry Basic Veterinary Pharmacology • Source Session/Topic 19 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. PST 06107 Basic Veterinary Pharmacology Session 19: Pharmacotherapy of Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: Define Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry List signs and symptoms of Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry Describe pharmacological treatment of Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry Describe Control and Prevention of Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry Activity: Buzzing What is Fowl Cholera ? Definition of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry Fowl cholera, ( Avian Pasteurellosis or avian hemorrhagic septicemia) is a contagious bacterial disease of poultry characterized by septicemia, sudden onset with high morbidity and mortality Chronic and asymptomatic infections may also occur. It is caused by Pasteurella multocida . Transmission occurs by secretions from carrier birds, infected droppings, cannibalism of dead birds, and contaminated water, feed, equipment, or clothing. The organism is primarily excreted from mouth, nose, and conjunctiva of diseased birds that contaminate their environment Signs and Symptoms of Fowl Cholera In acute disease There is, fever, depression, anorexia, mucoid discharge from the mouth, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, bluish discoloration of the head, increased respiratory rate and sudden death in the flock may occur In chronic disease Swelling of the joints, footpad, wattles, or tendon sheaths over the caudal portion of the hock joint could be observed. Pharmacological Treatment of Fowl Cholera Sulphonamides : 0.5-1% (500mg-1gm/kg) in feed or 0.1% (100mg/liter) in drinking water First line treatment sulphonamides include Sulphadimethoxazole , Sulphaquinoxalene , Sulphamethazine and sulphaquinonxalene Sulphamerazine 143 mg/kg PO (0.5% in feed) or 0.4% in drinking water Sulfaquinoxaline sodium, or T rimethoprimsulfadiazine 1:5, 15 mg/kg for 5 days in feed or water Pharmacological Treatment of Fowl Cholera Cont.…. Chlortetracycline 10%, 20-60 mg/kg, daily in feed for 5 to 7 days or should be continued until signs of the disease are no longer apparent. Amoxicillin T rihydrate water-soluble crystal, 20 mg/kg in drinking water, once per day for 3-5 days. Activity: Brainstorming What are the preventive measures for Fowl Cholera ? Prevention and Control of Fowl Cholera Good Sanitation Rodent and predator control Proper disposal of dead birds Vaccination with adjuvant bacteriocins Prevention and Control of Fowl Cholera Cont.… Adjuvant bacteriocions are widely used and generally effective; Autogenous bacterions are recommended when polyvalent bacterins are found to be ineffective Thus, it is important to know the most prevalent serotypes within an area to choose the right bacterins Attenuated live vaccines are available for administration in drinking water to turkeys and by wing-web inoculation to chickens. These live vaccines can effectively induce immunity against different serotypes of P multocida They are recommended for use in healthy flocks only Key Points Fowl cholera is an infectious disease in domestic fowl, waterfowl and other avian species. It is manifested either in acute septicaemic form with a high morbidity and death rates or as chronic local forms (independently or secondary to acute ones) Commonly observed signs are anorexia, ruffled feathers, oral and nasal mucus discharge, cyanosis and white or greenish watery mucoid diarrhoea Key Points Cont … Sulfonamides and antibiotics are commonly used and early treatment with adequate dosages are important Good management practices, including a high level of biosecurity, are essential to prevention Rodents, wild birds, pets, and other animals that may be carriers of P multocida must be excluded from poultry houses Evaluation What is Fowl Cholera? What are the common signs and symptoms Fowl Cholera? What is the pharmacological treatment of Fowl Cholera? What are the control measures against Fowl Cholera? REFER Students to Handout 19.1: For pharmacotherapy of coccidiosis in poultry, Pharmacotherapy of Coccidiosis in Poultry References Riviere J. E., Papich M. G. (2009). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (9 th Ed) Iowa, Wiley- Blackwel Publishers Hsu W. H. (2008). Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology (1 st Ed) Iowa, Wiley- Blackwel Publishers Kuafmann J, (1996). Parasitic infections of domestic animals , (2 nd ed ).Berlin, Birkhäuser Verlag Press Hoare E. W. (2013). A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology (2 nd ed ),New York, Forgotten Books Press Maddison . J. ( ed ) (2008). Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology , (2nd ed ). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited ← Previous TopicNext Topic →View all Basic Veterinary Pharmacology topicsOpen Complete Full Notes PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06107 Pharmacotherapy of Fowlpox in Poultry Basic Veterinary Pharmacology • Source Session/Topic 20 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. PST 06107 Basic Veterinary Pharmacology Session 20: Pharmacotherapy of Fowlpox in Poultry Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: Define Fowlpox in Poultry Lescribe signs and symptoms of Fowlpox in Poultry Describe pharmacological treatment of Fowlpox in Poultry Describe Control and Prevention of Fowlpox in Poultry Activity: Buzzing What is Fowlpox ? Definition of Fowlpox in Poultry Fowlpox is a slow-spreading viral infection of chickens and other poultry characterized by proliferative skin lesions The disease is transmitted by direct contact between infected and susceptible birds or by mosquitoes Fowlpox is common in commercial and backyard chicken Signs and Symptoms of Fowlpox Fowl pox is manifested in two forms The dry form (cutaneous form) characterized by proliferative nodular lesions on Un feathered areas Cutaneous lesions on the eyelids may cause complete closure of one or both eyes The wet form (diphtheritic form), where lesions exist in the mouth, pharynx, larynx, and trachea and causing respiratory distress. Fowlpox in chicken Activity: Brainstorming • What are the prevention and control measures for Fowlpox ? Treatment , Prevention and Control of Fowlpox There is no specific treatment available Vaccinate the remaining flocks with an attenuated fowlpox virus of high immunogenicity and low pathogenicity Control mosquitoes Key Points Fowlpox (FP) is a viral disease in hens, turkeys and many other birds, characterized by cutaneous lesions on the feather-less skin and/or diphtheritic lesions of mucous coats of the upper alimentary and respiratory tract. The cutaneous form of fowlpox is characterized by nodular lesions on various parts of the unfeathered skin of chickens and on the head and upper neck of turkeys Where fowlpox is prevalent, chickens and turkeys should be vaccinated with a live-embryo or cell-culture-propagated virus vaccine. Evaluation What is Fowlpox ? What are the common signs and symptoms Fowlpox ? What are the control measures against Fowlpox ? References Riviere J. E., Papich M. G. (2009). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (9 th Ed) Iowa, Wiley- Blackwel Publishers Hsu W. H. (2008). Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology (1 st Ed) Iowa, Wiley- Blackwel Publishers Kuafmann J, (1996). Parasitic infections of domestic animals , (2 nd ed ).Berlin, Birkhäuser Verlag Press Hoare E. W. (2013). A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology (2 nd ed ),New York, Forgotten Books Press Maddison . J. ( ed ) (2008). Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology , (2nd ed ). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited ← Previous TopicNext Topic →View all Basic Veterinary Pharmacology topicsOpen Complete Full Notes PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06107 Pharmacotherapy of Fowl Typhoid and Fowl Paratyphoid Basic Veterinary Pharmacology • Source Session/Topic 21 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. PST 06107 Basic Veterinary Pharmacology Session 21: Pharmacotherapy of Fowltyphoid and Fowlparathyroid Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: Define Fowltyphoid and Fowlparathyroid List signs and symptoms of Fowltyphoid and Fowlparathyroid in Poultry Describe pharmacological treatment of Fowltyphoid and Fowlparathyroid Describe Control and Prevention of Fowltyphoid and Fowlparathyroid Activity: Buzzing What is Fowltyphoid ? ? Definition of Fowltyphoid and Fowlparathyroid in Poultry Fowl typhoid is an infection of fowl caused by host-adapted salmonella serotype, Salmonella gallinarum It is an egg-transmitted infection of particularly growing or mature flocks or transmittted by ingestion . Mortality at all ages is high Signs and Symptoms of Fowltyphoid Dehydration Swollen, friable, and often bile-stained liver, with or without necrotic foci Enlarged spleen and kidneys Anemia Enteritis Pharmacological Treatment of Fowltyphoid Sulfaquinoxalene 0.1% in feed for 2-3 days and 0.05% for an additional 2 days, or Furazolidone 0.011% in feed for 2 weeks followed by 0.0055% in feed Activity: Brainstorming • What are the prevention and control measures for Fowltyphoid ? Prevention and Control of Fowltyphoid Poults should be obtained from free stock and place them in a clean house Protect poultry house from birds, rodents, insects etc. Disinfection of humans entering the house Vaccination with a rough strain of S. Gallinarum (9R) at 9-10 weeks of age. Key Points The causal agent for fowltyphoid is Salmonella Gallinarum Infected birds may be pale, dehydrated, and have diarrhea Lesions in infected birds may include a swollen, friable and often bile-stained liver, with or without necrotic foci; enlarged spleen and kidneys; anemia ; and enteritis Control is based on routine serologic testing of breeding stock to assure freedom from infection Evaluation What is Fowltyphoid ? What are the common signs and symptoms Fowltyphoid ? What is the pharmacological treatment of Fowltyphoid ? What are the control measures against Fowltyphoid REFER Students to Handout 21.1: For pharmacotherapy of fowtyphoid , Pharmacotherapy of Fowlparathyroid References Riviere J. E., Papich M. G. (2009). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (9 th Ed) Iowa, Wiley- Blackwel Publishers Hsu W. H. (2008). Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology (1 st Ed) Iowa, Wiley- Blackwel Publishers Kuafmann J, (1996). Parasitic infections of domestic animals , (2 nd ed ).Berlin, Birkhäuser Verlag Press Hoare E. W. (2013). A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology (2 nd ed ),New York, Forgotten Books Press Maddison . J. ( ed ) (2008). Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology , (2nd ed ). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited ← Previous TopicNext Topic →View all Basic Veterinary Pharmacology topicsOpen Complete Full Notes PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06107 Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal Parasitism and Histomoniasis in Poultry Basic Veterinary Pharmacology • Source Session/Topic 22 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. PST 06107 Basic Veterinary Pharmacology Session 22: Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal parasitism and Histomoniasis in Poultry Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: Define Gastrointestinal parasitism and Histomoniasis in Poultry List signs and symptoms of Gastrointestinal parasitism and Histomoniasis in Poultry Describe pharmacological treatment of Gastrointestinal parasitism and Histomoniasis in Poultry Describe Control and Prevention of Gastrointestinal parasitism and Histomoniasis in Poultry Activity: Buzzing What is gastrointestinal parasitism in Poultry? Definition of Gastrointestinal parasitism and Histomoniasis in Poultry Poultry could be infected with nematode and cestode parasites Among the round worms, Heterakis gallinarum and Syngamus trachea , Ascarids and Capillarids are economically important Raillietina spp Davainea proglottina are important cestodes species of poultry. The worm Syngamus trachea inhabits the trachea and lungs of many domestic and various wild birds Signs and Symptoms of Gastrointestinal parasitism in Poultry Loss of weight Anorexia Reduced growth Reduced egg production Reduced fertility Diarrheal Blood loss Pharmacological Treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Poultry Piperazine , 50-100 mg/bird q 24 h, or 0.2-0.4% in the feed or at 0.1-0.2% in the drinking water for two consecutive feeds or drinking water for two days and deworm chicken at 4-6 weeks of age; repeat when necessary or after 2-4 weeks, plus Phenothiazine (for cecal worms in chickens) 0.5 g/bird individual treatment or in dry or wet mash feed, once month to control ascaris , or Phenothiazine 0.5 gm /head or combined with piperazine (o.5-0.51%& 0.11% in drinking water) as a 1-day treatment, removes both heterakids and ascarids , or Coumaphos , 0.004% in feed for 10-14 days for replacements, or 0.003% in feed for 14 days for layers, is used against capillarids Activity: Brainstorming What are the preventive and control measures against gastrointestinal parasitism in Poultry? Prevention and Control of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Poultry Proper and timely deworming programmed of the local and exotic through appropriate deworming and treatment of infected birds which should be carried out regularly In addition, proper and adequate nutrition would also minimize the incidence rate of helminthosis of domestic birds Key Points Parasitic diseases are problems wherever poultry are raised, and economic losses caused by parasites on poultry can be significant There is a need for effective control measures which can interrupt the lifecycle of parasite Species and as such, increase the meat and egg production Evaluation What is gastrointestinal parasitism in Poultry? What are the common signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal parasitism in Poultry? What is the pharmacological treatment of gastrointestinal parasitism in Poultry? What are the control measures against gastrointestinal parasitism in Poultry? REFER Students to Handout 22.1: For Pharmacotherapy of Histomoniasis in Poultry, References Riviere J. E., Papich M. G. (2009). Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (9 th Ed) Iowa, Wiley- Blackwel Publishers Hsu W. H. (2008). Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology (1 st Ed) Iowa, Wiley- Blackwel Publishers Kuafmann J, (1996). Parasitic infections of domestic animals , (2 nd ed ).Berlin, Birkhäuser Verlag Press Hoare E. W. (2013). A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology (2 nd ed ),New York, Forgotten Books Press Maddison . J. ( ed ) (2008). Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology , (2nd ed ). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited ← Previous TopicNext Topic →View all Basic Veterinary Pharmacology topicsOpen Complete Full Notes PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260