CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN 3. Mediterranean Class It is related to its utility grouping since of the Mediterranean origin are of the egg type breeds. They produced large white shelled eggs. Examples: Leghorn, Minorcas, Anconas. 4. English Class Specially the breeds that were developed in England and in its colonial territories liked Dorkings, Australorps, Cornish, Orpington.

5. Other Classes by origin Of development are: Polish, Hamburg, French and oriental Speaker notes: There are 189 varieties and about 40 breeds of chickens recognized by the American poultry association as of 1953 based on registry.

SPECIALIZED FIELDS in POULTRY PRODUCTION

SPECIALIZED FIELDS in POULTRY PRODUCTION Three Categories of poultry produciton: 1. Breeding Farm It is the system of researching or discovering the best combination of genes of parent stocks that will be the source of commercial chicks for the poultry producer. The existing "strains" or probably across of various lines now available to a commercial poultry raiser is a product of very long studies by the geneticist.

There is no true commercial poultry breeding farm existing in the Philippines of 2003. Poultry breeding farms in the country are franchised breeder farms from other international breeders.

SPECIALIZED FIELDS in POULTRY PRODUCTION

SPECIALIZED FIELDS in POULTRY PRODUCTION Egg production is the older scheme of poultry production engaged in by many research. Two phases of operations. The first phase can be strictly for raising pullets. The 2nd phase is the keeping of layers per se when they are on the stage of egg production. All female type chicks are obtained from the reputable hatchery for this kind of stock.

SPECIALIZED FIELDS in POULTRY PRODUCTION

SPECIALIZED FIELDS in POULTRY PRODUCTION 3. Broiler Farm It is the most recent specialized field in the Philippines. This is the growing of meat – type chicken essentially for meat production. Stocks used for this purpose are so called broiler- type chicks which are known for their fast growth, meaty conformation and good feed conservation. Broiler chicks are grown for a period of only about 6 to 7 weeks.

Both male and female chicks are utilized for growing broilers. However, the males grow faster than females.

POULTRY REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

POULTRY REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Consists of two testicles located in the dorsal area of the body cavity, just in front of the kidneys. The many ducts of the testes lead to the vas deferens which carry the semen from the testicles to the papillae in the dorsal area of the cloaca, and thence to the copulatory organ located in one of the folds of the cloaca. The pH of semen is between 7.0 and 7.4.

The volume ejaculated during one mating may be as high as 1.0 cc and decreases to as little as 0.1 cc after many mating. Speaker notes: Testicles: Produce sperm Vas Deferens: Carries seminal fluid and sperm from testides to cloaca Papilla: The organ in the wall of the doaca that places the sperm inside the female's reproductive tract

POULTRY REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

POULTRY REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Consists of only one ovary and an oviduct. The ovary is located high in the abdominal cavity ventral to the kidney, and in mature hen consists of a cluster of thousands of follicles.

The oviduct is a large convoluted tube about 70 cm in length on the left side of the abdominal cavity, joining into the left side of the cloaca at the bottom and terminating at the anterior in a funnel-like structure called the infundibulum immediately ventral to the ovary.

SECTION OF OVIDUCT | FUNCTION | LENGTH (cm) | TIME (hrs)

SECTION OF OVIDUCT | FUNCTION | LENGTH (cm) | TIME (hrs) Infundibulum | Receives yolk from ovary, where sperm is stored, and fertilization takes place | 11 | 0.5 Magnum | Secretes albumen; (longest part of the tract) | 34 | 2-3 Isthmus | Forms the shell membranes; (composed of keratin) | 11 | 1.5

Shell gland or Uterus | Plumps the egg by water transfer and secretes the shell; chalazae develops here; sperm storage | 10 | 18-20 Vagina | Secretes mucus (cuticle); expels egg | 7 | 0.25-0.50 Speaker notes: Ovary: Produces the ovum Infundibulum: Receives yolk from ovary, where sperm is stored, and fertilization takes place Magnum: Secretes the thick white of the egg (3 Hours)

Isthmus: 2 shell membranes are placed around the yolk and thick white ( 1 1/4 Hours) Uterus: Thin white and outer shell are added to the egg (20 Hours) Vagina: Completed egg is stored for a short time till laid (Total: 25-27 Hours)

Speaker notes: Ovary: Produces the ovum

Speaker notes: Ovary: Produces the ovum Infundibulum: Receives yolk from ovary, where sperm is stored, and fertilization takes place Magnum: Secretes the thick white of the egg (3 Hours) Isthmus: 2 shell membranes are placed around the yolk and thick white ( 1 1/4 Hours) Uterus: Thin white and outer shell are added to the egg (20 Hours) Vagina: Completed egg is stored for a short time till laid (Total: 25-27 Hours)

Environmental Requirements to Hatch Chicken Eggs

Environmental Requirements to Hatch Chicken Eggs The hen lays eggs (1 per day) over period of several days After 21 days, the eggs hatch A hen who is laying on her eggs is referred to as "broody" Artificial Incubation: The hen lays eggs and they are placed in an incubator Incubator keeps eggs at proper temperature and humidity Temperature: 97-102 degrees Humidity: 600/o

Eggs are turned 3-5 times daily to prevent embryo from sticking to the inside of the shell