FARMSITE LOCATION

FARMSITE LOCATION Land availability and costs Topography of the area Neighbors and human populations Acceptability of the poultry business Availability of electricity Water supply Feed supply Market relationship

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY Origin of Fowl It was believed that the modern breed of poultry probably originated from wild species: 1. Red jungle fowl. (Sc. Name: Gallus gallus) a native of Southeast Asia. 2. Gallus sonnerati (gray jungle fowl) 3. Gallus lafayetti (Ceylonese jungle fowl) 4. Gallus varius (Javan jungle fowl).

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY Origin of Fowl

The center of domestication is unknown, but it is said to have started in Asia over 3000 years ago. An Asian poultry, the Red jungle fowl is generally assumed to be the ancestor of our modern poultry breeds. Recently, there has been some evidence indicating that the first domestication of the fowl took place much earlier and not in Southeast Asia but in China (Zeuner, 1963).

Today, there are more than 300 breeds of fowls worldwide. A description of the recognized breeds and varieties of poultry is given in the American Standard of Perfection, published by the American Poultry Association.

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY Development of Modern Breeds and Varieties Hen of the wild jungle fowl is 0.9 kg in weight and lays only a few eggs Modern hen weighs 1.5 to 2.0 kg at 6 weeks of age and lays as much 320 eggs

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY What brought the change? 1. Genetic mutation Some changes in the genetic make-up of certain individuals due to factors that are within as well as factors that surround the subject. The change have been transmitted to generation to generation with the possibility of being modified from time to time as more factors and more individuals interact with each other.

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY What brought the change? 2. Selection a) Natural Selection (survival of the fittest) 1. Climatic differences 2. Differences in nutrition b) Artificial Selection – the interference of man in achieving certain goals and personal ideas – for example. 3. For fighting cocks 4. For fancy feathers

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY

THE CHICKEN: CLASSES, BREEDS & VARIETY The majority of breed used today by commercial poultry keepers are hybrids that have been bred by the large-scale international poultry breeding corporations. Fertile eggs, day-old-chicks or parental breeding stocks are usually imported to 3rd world countries. Scheme of producing hybrids/strains is shown below: Nucleus lines | A,B,C,D Grandparents | AxB CxD Parents | A.B x C.D

Hybrid/Strains | A.B.C.D 4-way cross

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN 1. Breed – a group of chicken (fowls) possessing certain conformation or shape of body that distinguishes them from other chickens. 2. Variety – a group of chicken within the breed whish possesses the same plumage color and type of comb.

3. Strain – a group of chickens within a variety of a breed whicb has under constant specific section of certain traits by a specified breeder for periods of about 5 to 8 years. 4. Strain Crosses 5. Line crosses or Family lines

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN Breeds of chicken can be classified by its utility. This is based on the purpose for which the breed or variety is most sufficient. 1. Egg Class The breed belonging to this class is characterized by their comparatively small size. They lay large white shelled eggs, very active and nervous in temperament. They are non-sitters.

Examples: Leghorn, Minorcas, Anconas, Mikawa.

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN 2. Meat Class Large breed, slow in movement, quiet and gentle in disposition. Generally poorer egg layers and generally lay browned shelled eggs. Examples are: Brahmas, Cochin, Langsans, Cornish, White rocks. 3. General purpose class Breeds of chickens in this class are medium sized, good layers and the young are fast growers.

They are not as nervous as the egg class but much more active than the meat class. Examples: New Hampshire, Rhode Island Red, Plymouth Rock, Lancaster, Nagoya, Cantonese.

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN 4. Ornamentals/Fancy Class Breeds beautiful plumage or form of having a rare unusual appearance. Most of them are raise chiefly has ornamentals or pets by Hobbyists, regardless of their value as a source of food. – – Example: Silkies, Frizzle, Bantams, Long tailed. 5. Fighting Class

There are groups of these kinds of chickens now developed by national and international aficionados in this game. The popular once are the Rubie, Hulsay, Claret, and Oasis.

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN

CLASSIFICATION OF BREEDS AND VARIETIES OF CHICKEN Standard Classification – under this classification, breeds and varieties are grouped according to their geographical origin. 1. American Class Breeds and varieties that were developed and American continent. The most popular are: Plymouth Rock (White, Barred, Speckled, Brown). Wyandottes, Rhodes Island Reds, New Hampshire, Land Caster. 2. Asiatic Class

This breeds were developed in Asia Examples: Brahmas, Cochin, Langshang, Cantonese, Nagoya.