Nutrients from different cereal sources

Nutrients from different cereal sources Ingredient | Energy (Kcal /kg) | Protein (%) | Linoleic acid(%) Maize | 3312 | 8.6 | 2.17 M.Gluten | 3237 | 40 | 0.88 Gluten feed | 2839 | 10 | Jowar | 3103 | 10.4 | 0.97 Bajra | 3200 | 105 | 0.74 Ragi | 2998 | 6.4 | Korra | 2917 | 9.3 | 0.84

Protein sources

Soyabean meal (excellent protein source, only meth. is deficient, trypsin inhibitors) Undercooking – urease test Overcooking – solubility in 2% KOH (>85% undercooking, <70% overcooking) Mustard meal Glucosinalates, erucic acid, goitrogen Maize gluten meal Byproduct, good protein content and quality (deficient in lysine) Cotton seed meal Gossypol (1%, of which free gossypol will be 0.1%) Protein sources

Ground nut meal

Ground nut meal Aflatoxin prone, good CP content Sesame meal Good in meth., deficient in lysine, high phytates Sunflower meal Low in ME, deficient in lysine, threonine Pelleting improves Palm kernel meal Low in CP (15-18%), poor AA dig., high in fibre, low ME, enzymes may help Others – guar meal, karanja cake, mahua cake, ambadi cake etc.

Guar meal

Guar meal.

Animal proteins

Animal proteins Meat meal & meat cum bone meal (for every 1 ton meat produced for human consumption, 300kg discarded, out of which 200kg is converted to meal) CP – 50%, Ca 8%, P 4% Fish & fish meal Hatchery by product meal Poultry by product meal

Potency of synthetic amino acids

DL methionine | 100 L-lysine | 100 L-lysine HCl | 79 L-arginine | 100 L-arginine HCl | 83 L-tryptophan | 100 L-threonine | 100 Glycine | 100 Methionine hydroxy analogue* | 88 α keto acid – converted to active aa by transamination – NH2 added Potency of synthetic amino acids

Supplemented as ready-made mineral mixture or through specific mineral supplements

Supplemented as ready-made mineral mixture or through specific mineral supplements Mineral mixture is available commercially or can be compounded Specific mineral supplements are also added. Calcium carbonate/oyster shell/stone grit/marble chips are used as sources of Ca DCP or MCP – source of Ca and Av.P Common salt – source of sodium and chlorine

Trace minerals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Se, I and sometimes Cr) – trace mineral premix Organic trace minerals

Supplemented either through premixes or through individual vitamins

Supplemented either through premixes or through individual vitamins Two types of premixes in the market Vit. A, D3, K and riboflavin (B2) – 5.0 to 15 g /q B-complex, vit. E and vit. C – 7.5-25 g/q Choline chl. (100, 60 or 50% premix)

Feed Additives

Feed Additives Aimed at preventing/minimizing the infectious agents’ loads, preventing mycotoxins, augmenting nutrient digestibility etc. Antibiotic compounds Probiotics (live bacterial and yeast strains) Prebiotics (galacto-oligo-saccharides, fructo-oligo-saccharides, mannan-oligo-saccharides, lactose derivatives etc.)