Dullness, depression and sudden death in acute form (MD lymphomas).

Dullness, depression and sudden death in acute form (MD lymphomas). Incordination, staggered gait, paralysis of one or more extremities in classical form (Neural form). Unilateral or bilateral blindness with ocular involvement.

Post mortem lesions

Post mortem lesions Tumors (lymphomas) are present in one or more of visceral organs and tissues. Gonads (ovary), liver, spleen, lungs, kidney, skin etc may be involved. Tumors cause nodular or diffuse enlargement of the affected organ. In classical form, nerves become thickened slightly or as much as 3 or 4 times the normal and becomes rounded instead of the normally striated appearance

prevention

prevention Preventive vaccination is available. Herpes Virus Turkey strain is used in vaccine This is live attenuated vaccine There is no effective treatment.

development of nodular proliferative Skin lesions on the featherless parts of the body.

development of nodular proliferative Skin lesions on the featherless parts of the body. fibrino necrotic and proliferative lesions in the mucous membranes

Family: Pox viridae

Family: Pox viridae Genus: avipoxvirus Double stranded DNA

CLINICAL SIGNS

CLINICAL SIGNS Appearance of nodular lesions other unfeathered areas of the body.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL

PREVENTION AND CONTROL Prophylactic vaccination

Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH)

Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) Broilers of 4 to 8 weeks are affected mainly Anaemia, depression and sudden mortality Hepatitis Pale muscles and bone marrow Hemorrhages in the muscles

Egg Drop Syndrome

Egg Drop Syndrome Caused by adeno virus Sudden and variable drop in egg production (30- 40%) in laying hens Production of depigmented, cracked or shell less eggs Disease runs for a few weeks and egg production returns to normal.

Types of vaccines

Types of vaccines Live/ activated vaccines Killed or inactivated vaccines 1)Live/ activated vaccines: they contain live attenuated organisms (attenuation is aprocess by which the pathogenicity/ capability of producing a disease is brought down with out disturbing the immunogenecity. ex: lasota vaccine, F1, R2B, IBD live vaccine

2) Killed or inactivated vaccines

2) Killed or inactivated vaccines These vaccines contain pathogens (virus/bacteria) that have been chemically inactivated so that they will produce immunity, but are unable to transmit the disease. Ex: ND killed vaccine

Vaccines also classified based on their contents

Vaccines also classified based on their contents 1)Viral vaccines: ND, IBD, IB vaccine 2) Bacterial vaccines: coryza killed vaccine 3) Parasitic vaccines: coccivin ( againist Coccidiosis)

Method of administration

Method of administration Intra occular (I/O) : administerd by putting drops in eye. IBD, IB Live, Lasota Intra nasal : administered through nostrils or mouth. Birds should not be supplied water for 2 hours. Ex: Lasota, IBD Live Drinking water: now a days popular. the temperature of water brought down to temperature of vaccine by ice and stabilizer like skimmed milk powder.

For 10 litr of water 1 kg ice and 60gm skimmed milk powder used. Birds made thristy for 2-3 hours before vaccination , so that they drink water immediately. ex: Lasota, IBD Live

4) Wing web: Fowl pox

4) Wing web: Fowl pox 5) Vent: vaccine is rubbed to upper part of cloaca with a small glass rod. Ex: ILT 6) Sub cutaneous: deposited under skin by injection with insertion of needle. Ex:marek’s disease 7) Intra muscular: deposited in between muscle fibres by injection. Ex: ND killes, R2B, IBD killed. 8) Aerosal route: vaccine is sprayed in air in the form of fine mist, which is absorbed by birds through nostrils.

mass vaccination for large scale poultry farms

Generally mass vaccination was followed in commercial farms

Generally mass vaccination was followed in commercial farms A spray vaccination is more invasive and may give better results than a drinking water vaccination. And it allows the vaccine to penetrate more deeply into respiratory tract.

Drinking water method

Drinking water method Vaccine is reconstituted in distilled water in a small volume. Then added to the water troughs Birds consume the vaccine mixed water and gain immunity. Before going to vaccination, birds have to be deprived of normal water supply for 1-2 hours.

Vaccination Programme for commercial Broilers

Vaccination Programme for commercial Broilers O day – Marek’s disease, HVT strain, strictly sub cutaneous. 5 – 7 days of age- Ranikhet Disease, Lasota strain to be given by occulo-nasal method ( one drop each in the eye and nostrils) or drinking water. 14th day – IBD or Gumboro Disease live georgia vaccine (intermediate) by eye drop or drinking water method. 25-28 days of age: RD lasota vaccine through drinking water.