Poultry Diseases and Vaccination: Avian Influenza, Infectious Bronchitis and Marek’s Disease (Part 2)
Explore “Avian Influenza, Infectious Bronchitis and Marek’s Disease” in this Poultry Diseases and Vaccination lesson. Part 2 of the five-part series brings together the source material and lesson topics. Use the contents links to find a section, read the notes, and consult the complete original teaching slides below.
Lesson topics
- Water birds and migratory birds, ducks act as carriers and spread the infection
- Sudden, heavy and unusual mortality reaching almost 100% without any clinical signs.
- Respiration may be laboured.
- Edema of face
- Post mortem lesions
Contents
- Read the original document
- Water birds and migratory birds, ducks act as carriers and spread the infection
- Sudden, heavy and unusual mortality reaching almost 100% without any clinical signs.
- Respiration may be laboured.
- Edema of face
- Edema of the face and neck and neurological signs such as torticollis and ataxia may also be seen.
- Post mortem lesions
- The first avian influenza virus to infect humans occurred in Hong Kong in 1997. The epidemic was linked t
- The following people have a higher risk for developing the bird flu:
- H5N1 virus in humans causes typical flu-like symptom
- Treatment in humans
- Infectious Bronchitis
- • Respiratory signs like coughing, sneezing and rales in chicks, discharges from eyes and nostrils.
- Eggshell abnormalities in IB
- GUMBORO (IBD)
- • Dullness, depression and death
- Muscular Hemorrhage
- Bursal Hemorrhage
- Haemorrahagic bursa
- Marek’s Disease
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Read the original source document
Common Poultry Diseases and Vaccination: original teaching slides for this study series.
Water birds and migratory birds, ducks act as carriers and spread the infection
Water birds and migratory birds, ducks act as carriers and spread the infection bird flu is highly contagious among birds and also effects ducks, and turkeys
Sudden, heavy and unusual mortality reaching almost 100% without any clinical signs.
Sudden, heavy and unusual mortality reaching almost 100% without any clinical signs. Combs and wattles are cyanotic and oedematous, and may have petechial or ecchymotic haemorrhages at their tips. Profuse watery diarrhoea is frequently present and birds are excessively thirsty.
Respiration may be laboured.
Respiration may be laboured. Haemorrhages may occur on unfeathered areas of skin. The mortality rate varies from 50 to 100%. Nervous disorders like tremors, torticollis and opisthotonus
Edema of face
Edema of face
Edema of the face and neck and neurological signs such as torticollis and ataxia may also be seen.
In broilers, the signs of disease are frequently less obvious with severe depression, lack of appetite, and a marked increase in mortality. Edema of the face and neck and neurological signs such as torticollis and ataxia may also be seen.
Post mortem lesions
Post mortem lesions Extremely variable depending on the severity. Hemorrhagic lesions (petechial to ecchymotic) on all the visceral organs, serous membranes, skin and muscles in acute cases Lungs pneumonic Enteritis, air saculitis, spleenomegali
The first avian influenza virus to infect humans occurred in Hong Kong in 1997. The epidemic was linked t
The first avian influenza virus to infect humans occurred in Hong Kong in 1997. The epidemic was linked to chickens and classified as avian influenza A (H5N1). Human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) have since been reported in Asia, Africa, Europe, Indonesia, Vietnman, the Pacific.
The following people have a higher risk for developing the bird flu:
The following people have a higher risk for developing the bird flu: Farmers and others who work with poultry Travelers visiting affected countries Those who touch an infected bird Those who eat raw or undercooked poultry meat, eggs, or blood from infected birds Infection may be spread simply by touching contaminated surfaces.
H5N1 virus in humans causes typical flu-like symptom
H5N1 virus in humans causes typical flu-like symptom Cough (dry or productive) Difficulty breathing Fever greater than 100.4°F (38°C) Muscle aches Runny nose Sore throat
Treatment in humans
Treatment in humans antiviral medication like oseltamivir (Tamiflu) or zanamivir (Relenza), Amantadine and Rimantadine. Prevention Currently vaccines are not used in India. By following biosecurity measures
Infectious Bronchitis
Infectious Bronchitis It is a highly infectious viral disease of poultry of worldwide distribution. It can affect any age, breed or type. Chicken is the only bird that is naturally infected by this virus.
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• Respiratory signs like coughing, sneezing and rales in chicks, discharges from eyes and nostrils.
Respiratory signs like coughing, sneezing and rales in chicks, discharges from eyes and nostrils. Drop in egg production (drops by 60-90 %)and hatchability Production of deformed, thin shelled, rough eggs with low internal egg quality Mortality low in uncomplicated case
Eggshell abnormalities in IB
Eggshell abnormalities in IB
Post Mortem Lesions
Post Mortem Lesions Catarrhal exudates in nasal cavity, caseous plugs in bronchi in chicks Enlargement of kidney with urates deposition and distention of ureters with pasty uric acid in uraemic form Egg peritonitis in layers Prevention Inactivated or attenuated live Vaccines are available for prevention.
GUMBORO (IBD)
GUMBORO (IBD) Infectious Bursal Disease(IBD) is a highly contagious viral disease of young chicken causing serious economic losses. The virus targets the Bursa of Fabricius, an important part of immune system making the bird susceptible to other infections. Inflammation of bursa.
• Dullness, depression and death
Dullness, depression and death Whitish diarrhea Mortality heavy in the initial out breaks in a farm Post Mortem Lesions Hemorrhages in the thigh and pectoral muscles Bursa enlarged, edematous and hyperemic with bloody or mucoid contents inside. Bursa firm and atrophic in chronic form Kidney may show nephrosis and mottling. VACCINES ARE AVAILABLE FOR PREVENTION
Muscular Hemorrhage
Muscular Hemorrhage
Bursal Hemorrhage
Bursal Hemorrhage
Haemorrahagic bursa
Haemorrahagic bursa
Marek’s Disease
Marek’s Disease Marek’s Disease is an economically important viral disease but more or less effectively controlled by vaccination. Caused by Herpes virus Neoplastic disease ( due to proliferation of lymphoid tissues). It is principally a disease of young chicken but rarely affects other birds also. Chicken below 3 to 4 months are more susceptible.
Review questions and answers
What are the key points about Water birds and migratory birds, ducks act as carriers and spread the infection?
Water birds and migratory birds, ducks act as carriers and spread the infection bird flu is highly contagious among birds and also effects ducks, and turkeys
What are the key points about Sudden, heavy and unusual mortality reaching almost 100% without any clinical signs.?
Sudden, heavy and unusual mortality reaching almost 100% without any clinical signs. Combs and wattles are cyanotic and oedematous, and may have petechial or ecchymotic haemorrhages at their tips. Profuse watery diarrhoea is frequently present and birds are excessively thirsty.
What are the key points about Respiration may be laboured.?
Respiration may be laboured. Haemorrhages may occur on unfeathered areas of skin. The mortality rate varies from 50 to 100%. Nervous disorders like tremors, torticollis and opisthotonus
What are the key points about Edema of the face and neck and neurological signs such as torticollis and ataxia may also be seen.?
In broilers, the signs of disease are frequently less obvious with severe depression, lack of appetite, and a marked increase in mortality. Edema of the face and neck and neurological signs such as torticollis and ataxia may also be seen.
What are the key points about Post mortem lesions?
Post mortem lesions Extremely variable depending on the severity. Hemorrhagic lesions (petechial to ecchymotic) on all the visceral organs, serous membranes, skin and muscles in acute cases Lungs pneumonic Enteritis, air saculitis, spleenomegali
More lessons from this document
- Common Poultry Diseases and Vaccination — Part 1
- Common Poultry Diseases and Vaccination — Part 2
- Common Poultry Diseases and Vaccination — Part 3
- Common Poultry Diseases and Vaccination — Part 4
- Common Poultry Diseases and Vaccination — Part 5
Conclusion
The important points in Marek’s Disease should be reviewed alongside the definitions, examples and comparisons given above. Continue with the other four articles to cover the rest of the source material.