Counselling Techniques
PST 06102
:
Counselling and Guidance
Session 4:
Counselling Techniques
1
Learning tasks
At the end of this session, students are expected to be able to
:
Define counseling technique
Explain counseling techniques
Identify qualities and values of effective counsellors
2
Activity:
Buzzing
What
is counseling technique??
3
Counseling
technique
They
are
tools a counsellor/healthcare provider uses in order to
get
information
from a patient/client in order to build a relationship, assess the
presenting problem
, understand the problem and be able to lead a patient/client reach a solution
.
It is an art that requires
practice
counsellor
should adequately possessed basic counseling skills so that he/she can recognize and handle most barriers and end up with successful counselling
sessions
4
Activity:
Buzzing
What
are the techniques for effective Counseling???
5
Counseling Techniques
Greetings,
The greeting must reflect warmth not only in the spoken words but also in the tone of voice as well as the facial features of the client.
Empathizing
, empathy means feeling with a person, understanding why the person is in pain while sympathy means feeling sorry for a person and putting oneself in the others shoe
Accepting,
Means valuing another person unconditionally as a human being, when a counsellor shows disrespect or contempt for the client’s values and way of life the client would assume that the counsellor does not respect him/her and this will affect the rapport building between them.
6
Affirming
, this means congratulating or complimenting clients on the positive actions that they have been able to take whether it is the decision to come for counseling.
Using silence;
silence is sometimes necessary if a client becomes upset and needs a few minutes to calm down or collect his thoughts.
Active listening;
a
ctive
listening by the counsellor encourages the client to share information by providing verbal and nonverbal expressions of interest.
7
Attending behaviours,
is expressing awareness and interest in what the client is communicating both verbally and nonverbally.
Paraphrasing, m
eans repeating the key points of what a client has said. This skill serves many purposes
Reflection of feelings,
the counsellor tries to perceive the emotional state of the client and respond in a way that demonstrates an understanding of the client’s emotional stat
8
Summarizing
Means Summing up the main points of a person’s story and eliminating the less relevant details.
The counselor takes the main points of the conversation and presents them to the client in a succinct manner that touches all that was covered during the session.
9
Questioning and probing, t
his skill is the primary tool that a counselor uses to obtain information or seek clarifications from clients.
Speaking simply, t
his means making use of language that is easy enough for a person to understand.
Focusing,
is a skill which enables the counsellor help, the client prioritize and choose the most pressing problem that they would like to resolve.
Correcting misperceptions, t
his means providing accurate information to a client and correcting any misinformation that the client has expressed during the session.
Supporting, t
he counselor offers encouragement and help clients in order to give them confidence for taking action, the counselor has to be sure that he/she does not sound patronizing to the client
10
Self – disclosing
, Clients prepared emotionally for the outcome of disclosing, they are helped to identify who the disclosure might be affect (e.g. spouse, children) and to be aware of potential negative consequences.
11
Qualities and Values of Effective Counsellors
Counselor:
where
clients/patients
explore and understand their worlds and so discover better ways of thinking and living.
A counselor must attempt to facilitate a client to solve their own problems, yet demonstrate a genuine concern and compassion for the client's dilemmas, the rapport of the client and counselor is an important factor in counseling.
12
Possible Qualities
Competence
Maintains confidentiality
Trustworthiness
Demonstrate self-awareness and understanding
Good psychological health
Can build good
rapport
Show warmth and sensitivity
Show empathy
Remain objective and open minded
Active listener
Be able to reflect and clarify their needs
Patience
Be non-judgmental
13
Effective
Counselling
Is
private, confidential, and respectful
Views the patient as the expert on his or her own life
Respects that patients come to counselling with great strengths and knowledge upon which to build
Doesn’t tell the patient what to do, and never forces the patient to do something
Understands that the patient lives in a social setting that influences choices
Views social relationships as a resource for improving health
Is developed through training and practice
14
Values
Values
guide the beliefs and opinions that you stand for.
Because values guide what you stand for and what you do not want, you cannot assign
them any monetary value.
Your values determine who you are, what you decide and how you behave.
Proper application of your values results in respect, love, good health and good habits.
Values are developed during growth. Therefore, the family and environment contribute
alot
to the development of an individual values.
It is important to respect values of others because we all have different values
.
15
Values of an Effective
Counselor
Social
values
: These are some standards of behaviors determined by society (e.g. good manners)
Moral values
: Objective and unchangeable, and are a born knowledge of what is right
and wrong (e.g. telling lies)
Religious values
: Based on a particular faith or creed in a society
16
Key
points
Counselor should adequately possessed basic counseling skills
for successful
counseling sessions
Counselor
needs to help clients focus on the issues that are most important to them at the time of the session and it is important to respect the client’s feelings, and address the issues that they feel are most important
17
Review questions
What are the different counseling techniques?
What is the effective counseling?
What are the values of effective counselors?
18
References
MoHSW (2005)
National guidelines for the clinical management of HIV and AIDS
, Dar
es
Salaam
.
Hubley
, J. (1993).
Communicating Health. An action and guide to health and health
Promotion.
1st Edition. British
Angotti
N, et al. (2009)
Increasing the acceptability of HIV counseling and testing with
three C’s: convenience, confidentiality and credibility. Thailand
MM,
Ostermann
J, Crump JA, (2010).
Characteristics of HIV voluntary counseling and testing clients before and during care and treatment scale-up
.Moshi, Tanzania.
Jones A. J (1951),
Principles of Guidance and Pupil Personal work
. New York. McGraw Hill
19
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