NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06101

Organization Total Session Time: 120 minutes + Assignment

Leadership and Management • Source Session/Topic 13

Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability.

Session 13: Organization

Total Session Time: 120 minutes + Assignment

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Define organization

• List types of organization

• Explain organizational culture and designs

• Explain the importance of organizational culture to organization performance

• Describe key features of an organization.

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers

• LCD projector and computer

• Note books and Pens

SESSION OVERVIEW

Activity/

Step Time Content

Method

1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks

05 minutes Presentation Definition of Organization, Structure and

Buzzing Organization Culture

05 minutes Presentation &

3 Types of Organization

Buzzing

4 15 minutes Presentation Description of Types of Organizations

35 minutes Presentation

5 Small Group Organization Culture and designs

Discussion

20 minutes Presentation Explain the importance of Organization

Culture to Organization Performance

25 minutes Presentation

7 Key Features of an Organization

Brainstorming

8 05 minutes Presentation Key Points

9 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation

10 05 minutes Presentation Take home assignment

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

SESSION CONTENTS

STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.

STEP 2: Definition of Terms (5 minutes)

Activity: Buzzing (3 minutes)

Ask students to pair in two and buzz on the following:

• What is organization?

ALLOW few students to respond

WRITE their responses on the flip chart/board

CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below

• Organizations come in a variety of shapes and sizes. Many are organized according to

specialty, others by matter of convenience. The manner in which organizations are put

together clearly affects how they function

• An organization is a group of individuals structured in such a way to work together to

achieve common goals.

• The organizing function is designed to make the best use, in terms of efficiency and

effectiveness, of the organization's resources to achieve these common goals.

• Organization culture is the way things are done in an organization similar to culture in

certain community.

Figure: 1.1 A typical organizational chart.

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

STEP 3: Types of Organization (5 minutes)

Activity: Buzzing (3 minutes)

Ask students to pair in two and enumerate

• What are the types of Organizations?

ALLOW few students to respond

WRITE their responses on the flip chart/board

CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below

• Formal organization are the type of organization created legally with registration number

• Informal organization is the type which is not created legally.

STEP 4: Description of Types of Organization (15 minutes)

• Formal organization is an organization which is legally been established by law. It exists

legitimately.

o Example an institution with registration number by a recognized authority eg.

NACTE, Registrar of Association etc.

• Informal organization are those organizations exists informally not recognized legally by

legal system. They do emerge spontaneously due to sharing interest like sports, gender,

age or professional interests.

• The informal organization can supply the much-needed social interaction and human

contact to perform work efficiently and effectively

STEP 5: Organization Culture and Designs (25 minutes)

Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 20 minutes)

DIVIDE students into small manageable groups

ASK students to discuss on the following question

• What is Organisation Culture? Give example

ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes

ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned

CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below:

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

• Organizational culture is the belief and behavior that determine how an organization‘s

employees and management interact and handle outside transactions.

• Organizational culture represents an organization's hopes, capabilities, attitude, and

morals that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-respect, inner workings,

connections with the outside world, and future expectations. Or

• Organization culture shows or tell ways:

o the organization carries its business, handles their staff, clients and the community in

general

o Involvement in decision making and freedom of individual expression

o Power sharing within organizational hierarchy

o Commitment of staff towards organizational objective

o Favour or discourage external inputs hence it has a relationship with organizational

growth.

ORGANIZATION DESIGNS

• One of the first steps in designing an organization is to determine which jobs belong in

which department. This process, called job classification, allows one to determine the

similarities and differences and allows jobs to be organized into larger segments, such as

departments. Creating these departments allows for individuals to be grouped into

manageable units. There are at least four methods to group work activities:

o Departmentalization by function organizes jobs by the functions to be per-

formed. For example, in a hospital, the department of pharmacy is created to

maintain all medication-related functions for the hospital.

o Departmentalization by product organizes all functions needed to make and

market a particular product under one person. For example, in the phar-

maceutical industry, the brand manager for a product is in charge of the

marketing, research, and development functions related to the product.

o Departmentalization by geographical regions groups jobs on the basis of

territory or geography. For example, a pharmaceutical company may have its

sales force organized regionally, into the northeast, southeast, Midwest,

southwest, and northwest. This creates jobs such as regional manager for

cardiovascular products.

o Departmentalization by customer groups jobs on the basis of type of customer. In

pharmacy, home-care or long-term-care patients represent this type of

departmentalization. Within this customer segment, the trend is to use cross-

functional teams, which allow various group members chosen from different

functions to work together to interdependently provide a service.

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

STEP 6: Explain the Importance of Organization Culture to Organization

Performance (25 minutes)

• The importance of developing a department of pharmacy culture explicitly, rather than by

default, cannot be underestimated.

• An ideal departmental culture;

o promotes productivity and employee happiness;

o increases longevity of employment (employees want to continue working there);

o increases cooperation, communication, and teamwork among employees;

o Allows employees to take pride in their work; and instills the desire to achieve

more.

STEP 7: Key Features of an Organization (30 minutes)

Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes)

Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:

• What are the key features of an organization?

ALLOW few students to respond

WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board

CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below

• There are many features written by different authors. For this context the author is

focusing on the following five key features:

o Clarity of vision to all organizational members and organized leadership.

o Clear tasks and accountability to all actors.

o Well established and implemented motivation system without bias

o Effective internal support to various actors and

o Implementing high set standards to achieve organizational goal.

STEP 8: Key Points (5 minute)

• Organization is a collectivity of people working together to achieve set objective

• Organizational structure is a diagrammatic representation of various units of an

organization.

• Organizational culture is ways organization perform its work like sharing responsibilities,

information, motivating staff, involving stakeholders, etc.to meet its objective.

• Positive organizational culture has a relationship with its growth and vice versa.

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

STEP 9: Evaluation (5 minute)

• What is an organization?

• What are three key components in an organization?

• What is organizational culture?

STEP 10: Assignment (5 minutes)

Activity: Take home Assignment (1hour)

DIVIDE learners into small manageable groups

ASK the learner to work on the following assignment

• Explain four methods used to group work activities in an organization

ALLOW learners to answer the question for 50 minutes

REFER learners to recommended references

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

References

Peterson A.M, Kelly N.W (2014); Leadership and management in pharmacy practice, 2nd

edition, CRC press

Marquis, B. L and Huston, C. J (1996) Leadership Roles and Management Functions in

Nursing – Theory and Application, 2nd Edition: Lippincott, Philadelphia.

Graham, H. T. and Bennett, R. (1998). Human resources management. London: Pitman.

Heller, R. and Hindle, T. (1998). Essential managers manual. London: Dorling Kindersley.

Mashimi J B. (2006). Uongozi na Utawala Bora na maendeleo ya Afrika. Business Image

Graphic & Promotions.

Saleemi N.A. and Bogonko J. B. (1997). Management (Principles and Practice) Simplified.

N. A. Saleemi Publishers.

PST 06101 Leadership and Management NTA L 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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