a

QUESTIONS.

i): Suggest a theory which suits in analyzing this story. ii): Give three reasons to explain on why you think the theory chosen is best.

CHAPTER THREE: INTERPRETING LITERARY WORKS.

3.1: What do you understand by the term interpret? “Think that you are walking home, on the way you meet a man waiking while swaying and fails fo stand and walk properly”. ow will you consider this man?

May be one can say the man is drank “Also, think that you meet with a woman who is in hurry but she és provoking insults”. How will you identify this woman? One can say that this woman fs angry Now, what does the term interpret mean’?

Therefore the term interpret means giving meaning to something. Also, one can say that fo interpret is to decide on the meaning intended by something. 3.2: What ean one interpret in life?

People ean interpret things, events, situations as well as their daily deeds. For instance one ean interpret story, song, poem, saying, proverb, road sign, novel, facial expression as well as, plays, 43.3: What can one real interpret in literary works?

In literary works the reader makes criticism ofa text at hand by identify form and content used imit 3.4: How ean one interpret a literary work? Usually, literary works are interpreted while relying on some theories; thus making the reader identify the way a particular text represent his or her personal and national life experience Qn.12; What docs each picture below represent?

Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com '

ES Ee —=E TT

74s Ee ) ES) ) i) ).

POSSIBLE ANSWERS,

a), Love and marriage b). Tanzania and Nationality ©), Student and Education dl). Agriculture und farming ¢), Tourism and Richness (Natural resources) ~"Weiinesday, September 25, 8019 ‘©Tashule 2019 1 Email: tzshule®gmail.com ' LK

3.5.0: READING PROGRAM.

> THELIST OF TEXTS T0 REREAD

SSA: PLAYS,

“The Lion an the eel WoleSeyiaka—_*The Tria of Brother Jeo – Wale Soyinka “The Swamp Dwllers-Wole Soyinka *Kinjite- beans Hasein “Dilemma of «Ghost “Ai ABTAiJog! The Raed Wire – Mikoten Reyend “Dedan Kimath-Keneth Wales. “The Goverment aspctr -N-Gogl

3.5.B: NOVELS OR SHORT STORIES.

“Tales of Amadou Koumiba David Drop “Quartet Richird Rie “AWalkin heNight- Ales LsGumma ———_Hlosehny- Fernand Oyone “The Old man and the Medal – Ferdinand Oyeno _ *The Concubine – Elechi Amadi “Suna: An Epic of OM Mall-Niane, DT Secret Lives Nga wa Thlong'a “The Tee OW Siones-Martha Mvangi “Girls a¢ War Chinas Ache

“Uncle Tom's Children Richard Wright

asc:rorTRy

~~ Wednesday, Septemiber 25, 3019 ernule2010 eetitahucsonction ae

PART. A: PLAY ANALSIS

FIRST TEXT

PLAY TITLE: THE DILEMMA OF A GHOST AND ANOWA.

PLAYWRIGHT: AMA ATA AIDOO,

PUBLISHERS: LONGMAN AFRICAN WRITERS,

PUBLICATION: 1968,

A: CHARACTERS AND CHARACTERIZATION,

i). ATO YAWSON.

LA young Ghanaian graduate

ii), EULALIE YAWSON

-An Afro-American graduate iii), ESI KOM. -Ato's mother iv). MONKA. -Ato’s sister

v). NANA.

-Ato's grandmother vi), AKYERE. -Ato’s elder aunt vil). MANSA. -Ato’s younger aunt viii). PETU -Ato’s elder uncle ix), AKROMA. -Ato’s younger uncle

x). MAND 2" WOMAN

-Ato’s family neighbours ~"Weiinesday, September 25, 8019 ‘©Tashule 2019 1 Email: tzshule®gmail.com '

B: THEMES,

• Promise-This is portrayed as itis said that

“And all my people your people. FU: And your god my gods? ATO: Yes. EU: Shall i die where you die? ATO, Yes… and if you want you shall be buried there also…” Page.9-10

• Love-This is portrayed as it is said that,

‘ATO:,.. love you Eulalie…” Page.10

• Jealous-This is portrayed as itis said that,

ATO:… couldn't bear seeing you love someone else better than you do me…" Page.10 4: Cultural alienation-This is portrayed as it is Said that, “ATO: We shall postpone having children for as long you would want.” Page.10 “ATO: ..She Said that my people have no understanding, that they are uncivilized…” Page.5O

• Awareness-This is portrayed as itis said that,

“BU:…Datling, some men do mine a lot . But still understand in Africa…” Page.10

• Position of a child-This is portrayed as it is said that,

2" W:…Sometimes we fecl you are luckier Who are are childless. 1 W:You are luckiest ho have them…” Page [1 “PETU:…When two people marry, everyone expects them to have children.

For men and women marry because they want children… Page-44 7: lgnorance- This is portrayed as itis said that, Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com '

NANA:…They say they buy kresin and pay for it with money…" Page 13,

(KRESIN-KEROSIN)

MONKA:… Hurere,

THE W….Hurere.." Page.16 (HURERE-FULALIB)

“MONKA:…Amrika! My brother…” Page.17 (AMRIKA-AMERICA)

• Advice-This is pocirayed as its said that,

“NANA:…Why do you not take her to Kofikrom? The herbalist there is famous…" Page.14 9: African tradition §), Bride price- This is portrayed as it is said that, “ESE. and add to it to give to Ato's father to pay forthe bride price for its owner…” Page.1S Thave sold your sheep to pay the bride price for you when you make up your mind to marry…” Page.t6 ii), Treatment. This is portrayed as itis said that “PETU:…Whose stomach shall we wash with this medicine…” Page 43

iii), Believes- This is portrayed as it is said that PETU: This day we try to drive away all evil spirits, il luek and unkind feelings. We invoke our sacred dead to bring us blessings.

..Then pour libation to ask the dead to come and…” Page.44 10: Iiteracy- This is portrayed as it is said that, “FSE…Ato, you know that some of us did not hear the school bell when it rang…” Page.17

• Tribalism- This is portrayed as itis said that,

“AKYERE:… What is her tribe? NANA: …She has no tribe?…” Page.17 12, Humiliation This is portrayed as itis said that, Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' Y _ = os ESI:..And if'you threw my giffs into my face and drove me out of your house how, cam I forget it?.." Page.34 ESI:…Where did you through the snails?..” Page 34 13: Meanness- This is portrayed as it is sai that “ESL… either you nor your wife bothered to give us seats to sit on or waterto

‘cool our parched throats…” How ct’ thea sleep in'@ house whete am not welcome?…” Page 34 14, Lamentation. This is portrayed as itis said that, “ES:…Oh, Esi ofthe luckless soul.

.-My knees are callous with bending before the rich… how often did Tixept before your uncles and great uncles while everyone complained that my one son's education wasruining our home…" Page.35 15: Modernity- This is portrayed as it is said that, “EULALIE mates as ifto stand and speak but sits down again and continues puffing at her cigarette…” Page 34-35 *…BULALIE still puffing ata cigarette…EULALIE continues to puff her

cigarene…” Page 36 “ATO:… Her wornb has not receded!…'we wanted chiklren, she would have given birth fo some In these days of civilization… It can be done…” PageS1

C:CONFLICTS.

i), Ato against his family-‘This is portrayed a5 it i8 Said that, “ALL:…You are married? Married! Married… ESI… Who is your wife?, AKYERE: When did you marry!…” Page.16 ‘AKYERE… What is her tribe PETU:.,. Where does your wife come from…” Page. 17 Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' Y_… . = et.

ii), Ato against his mother- This is portrayed as it is sai that, “ATO:…Are you still harbouring this grievance? ESI:…Do not annoy me, please, How can I forget it?” Page 34 iii) Ato against Fulalie- This is portrayed as itis said that, “ATO:…Now you have succeeded in making trouble forme…” Page.36

D: DICTION/LANGUAGE USE.

1: FIGURES OF SPEECH,

a), Simile- This is portrayed as itis said that, “EU:…1/am not as good as your folks…” Page.9 “BSL:..Chave been quite as if I were a tortoise…” Page 34 “ESk:…Living a life of failure is like taking snuffat the beach…” Page 35 “ESI:…The name keeps buzzing in my head like the sting of a witch bec!…” Page 36 b). Tautology- This is portrayed as it is said that, ALL:.,. You are married? Married! Marviedl.." Page.16

©) Personification- This is portrayed as itis said tha, ~…Bulalie's eyes follow him as he goes back…” Page, 26 -2™ W, ..LFNakedness promises you clothes…" Page 37 4), Rhetorical question- This is portrayed as itis said thet, “ATO:,..You went to the farm?

PETU:… My Master where else have I to go?..” Page.29 “NANA:…Who says itis not your affair? It's his affair, isn’t it?” Page.42 ¢). Symbolism ’). Ghost- This stands for cultural alienation.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' FLL I: SAVING. This is portrayed a itis said that, a). “AKROMA:…\We can soon know the bird which will not de well. for his nest hangs by the wayside…" Page.15 b), SPETU:…One rust take time to dissect an ant in order to discover its entrails…” Page.16 ©).“ESE. ..Some of us did not hear the school bell when it rang…” Page. 17 4). “NANA:… Yoting many one does ft stiind in ant-tril to pick off ants…” Page.42

E: SETTING,

a). Ghana- This is portrayed as itis said that, “ESI… The same thing happened the day i came to visit you at Accra…” Page.34

E: STYLE/TECHNIOUE,

i), The play has been told in dialogue, however there are some parts of monologue as soliloquy when characters ste portraying their personal contlies. This has been revealed where it is, portrayed that, “NANA:…Do not be pained…” Page.13 “NANA:…My spirit mother ought to…” Page.19 “ATO:…Where are they?.." Page.29 “MONK A:…I remember the time he was preparing…” Page 35 ii). Simging and dancing- This has been revealed where itis portrayed that

BOY:…Shall go To Cape Coast, (Or to Elmina…" Page.28 and 1

G: PLOT.

The play has been portrayed in chronological order as events are arranged in series form. The playwright has divided this text into two parts; The first partis called PRELUDE in which a play resumes portraying on the way the ‘Odumna clan has vested its wishes and hope toward its oly scholar who will soon return a graduate, Later this part introduces a dialogue of two elites ATO YAWSON and EULALIE Wednesday, September 25, 2019

STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com '

Fs. Re

YAWSON who are shown to be lovers and they expeet to come in A rica for a better stay after their studies, The second partis divided into ACTS. ACT ONE begins by showing a conversation made between two women, the” W and the 2“ W. The 1°" W is portrayed being childless and she believes that women with children are luckiest. Also, this chapter builds an expository part by creating a disagreement on the affair of marriage the thing which builds a core part of what

the text is all about ACT TWO begins by portraying the two women telling on the way A'TO’s mother has became angry from the way her only son has married a stranger. Not only that but also her only daughter MONKA does not get married in spite of her age being ripe, Parallel to that this chapter portrays that ATO is staying at the city Accra with his wife and they are shown living a happy life, ACT THREE is st at ATO’s village where he has gone with his wife to spend a

weekend, The act starts by portraying on the conversation made between a BOY and a GIRL on what they should do either to play a game of hiding or to sing. Then they decide to sing a song of Ghost. These are portrayed to be ATO's thoughts in a dream. Also, the chapter portrays on the way ATO is visited by his uncle being followed by his mother being accompanicd by MONKA.

with a present of snails, This chapter creates another conflict as ATO"s wife throws the present brought by her mother in Jaw at her presence. this creates gricvance between them. ACT FOUR is set atthe city Accra at ATO"s home. This chapter begins by the portrayal cof two women who portrays that ATO’s mother has changed she is not the same as she was.

Also, this chapter portrays on the position of a child in any marriage as it portrays ATO's family Visiting him and his wife to ask es to why they have no child in spite of a long time of their stay.

Here, a theme of traditionalism and modernity is established as i is portrayed that ATO'S family has visited their son with a bow! of herbal concoction, the medicine to wash EULALE’s womb as itis believed to be receded. But this brings a strong conflict as ATO tells them that there is nothing ofa discase but is theur way to family planning.

Moreover, the Act introduces some African traditions like pouring lihation and thanksgiving as a way of rejoining with the dead and their blessings the thing which were of a dream to EULALIE, At last the chapter sums up by showing ESI, reccivingATO and his wife as her children as she becomes aware thatthe issue of bearing children can be planned by a couple as well as living a life to a new society by the beginning people becomes stranger but they can be used to

the new traditions and become good people To sum upon a plot ofthis play a playwright has ordered the events from exposition named prelude where the societies expectation is portrayed being followed with an illusive life that ATO expects to live with his lover EULALIE as they come in Africa.

"Wednesday, September 35, 3019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' Pa os ee eC Rising action begins when the two women portrays on the value of ehildcen in African marriages being followed with a conflict between ATTO against his family as he informs them that he is married Climax is portrayed through EULALIE’s failure toward coping the African living style like eating of snails, worshiping the dead, thanksgiving as well as pouring libation, thus

EULALIE is portrayed a stranger the thing which alicnates ATO from his society. This part continues until when ATOs parents cames with the demand ofa child in ATO's family resulting toa misunderstanding with his family as he informs them that there is nothing wrong.

Falling aetion comes as ATO making his mother aware that his family has no problems at getting children but they are exercising a family planning the thing which is nit useful among Village dweller, This part leads us to a last part of resolution as ATO's mother understands and promises at telling other relatives, Also, EST blames ATO fiom failing t tell herof that to the extend they embarrassed his wife by suspecting her as a receded woman, Then ES! ends the play by telling

ATO that “…No stranger ever breaks the law…" being followed by the acceptance of FULALIE to begin a new life with ATOs parents

H: MESSAGE,

a), Marriage is a complicated institution but it should be left on the hands of lovers to decide while parents overseeing as advisors. »), Being educated it doesn’t mean knowing everything rather the elites have to leam from others in order to cope with the societal Ife.

¢), Some African traditions like medication and unity in decision making are good and they should be preserved but others like worshiping gods and the dead by pouring libation are not good to cope with the world of science and technology.

4), Love has no boundary as it doesn’t focus on tribes or nationality.

I: RELEVANCE OF A PLAY.

-Aidoo’s play THE DILEMMA OF A GHOST is relevant to Tanzanian as well as any other A fiican society. This comes as Africans hates intermarriages basing om tribes as well nations as ATO’s parents portrays.

Also, the play is relevant among Tanzanian as well as Afica at large because of the position of a child portrayed in it. To Africans, having children after marriage is a good luck. Any other way round it isa misfortune as ATO's parents portrays “Wednesday, September 35, 3019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' Pe ee -Moreover, the play reveals on the way youngsters meets with opposition fom their parents as they decide to marry in families, tribes or nations that are not favorable to their

parents. This reveals the reality existing in most of the Affican societies -Paralle! to that, this play reveals some African traditions like paying of bride price. traditional dances, traditional medicines as well as belie like pouring libation and thanksgiving which still exist in most of some African socicties,

SECOND TEXT

PLAY {THE LION ANDTHE JEW!

PLAYWRIGHT: WOLE SOVINKA.

PUBLISHERS: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS.

PUBLICATION: 1963.

A: CHARACTERS AND CHARACTERIZATION,

)SIDL,

~The Village Belle

ii). LAKUNLE. -A School teacher iii) BAROKA. ‘The “Bale’ of lujinte iy) SADIKU, -Boroka’s head wife iy) AILATU. -Baroka’s favourite

\ OTHERS,

Village girls

A Wrestler

-A Surveyor School boys et. Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com '

B: THEMES,

• Illusion- This is revealed as itis portrayed that,

“LAKUNLE:…For as a woman you have a smaller brain than mine…” Page 4 “LAKUNLE:… Women have a smaller brain than men, That’s why they are called the weaker sex…” Page

• Protest- This is revealed as it is portrayed that,

“SIDI… The weaker sex isit? Its a weaker breed who pounds the yam ‘Or bends all day to plant the millet With a child strapped to her back?..” Paget SIDE…The tales of Baroka’s suppers, Tknow all Tell your lord that Sidi does not supper with Married men…” Page23, “LARKUNLE::..Within a year or two I swear Bride price will be forgotten, No man shall take more wives tian one…” Page 37 3: African traditions i), Bride price- This is revealed as itis portrayed that,

“SIDI:…L shall marry you today, next week ‘Or any day you name, But my bride price must first be paid Bot tell you Lakunle I must have the full bride price…” Page.7 ii), Virginity- This is revealed as itis portrayed that, *SIDI:…They will say T was no virgin That was forced to sell my shame Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' ae ‘And marry you without a price…" Page7 ii), Singing and dancing- This is revealed as its portrayed that,

*SIDI:…Let us dance the dance of the lost Traveler…" Page.13 iv), Polygamy- This is revealed as its portrayed that “SADIKU:,.. Baroka wants you for a wife…” Page.19 _). Inheritance of wives- This is revealed as itis portrayed that, *SADIKU:…Do you know what it is tobe the Bale's last wife?

Pil tell you. When he dies, Ir means that you will have the honor Of being the senior wife ofthe new Bale…" Page.20 vi), Forced marriage- This is revealed as itis portrayed that, “SIDI… Marry who…? You thought Why did you think that after him, Out of my way.

Do you see what strength he has given me? ‘That was not bad, For a man of sixty…" Page.63 4 Avwareness: This is revealed asi is ported tha LAKUNLE:…To pay the price would be To buy a heifer off the make stall You'd he my’ chattel, my mere property…" Page & SIDE… Cain you dey that Every woman who hes supped with hin one night Becomes his Wife or concubine the nck." Page 23

• Modemity- This is revealed as it is portrayed that

“LAKUNLE:…Together we shall st at table Not on the floor and eat Not with fingers but with knives Weary, Septenaber $5, 8017 eTashule 2019 , Email tzshule®gmoll.com ! Y A. ‘And forks and breakable plates…” Page 8 “LAKUNLE:…And we'll spend the weck-end in night-clubs at Ibadan…” Page.

• Ignorance- This is revealed as it is portrayed that,

“BAROK A….Teacher wa Misita Lakunle ‘Guru morin guru morin ngh-hn!..” Page.16 (Misita-Mister, Guru morin-Good morning)

• Position of education

'), Liberating topl- This is revealed as itis portrayed that, “BAROKA:…Who would tell us where we go wrong?

Bh, Mister Lakunle?…” Page.18

“SIDL:…You sce book man We cannot really de Without your head…” Page 18

• Comuption- This is revealed as it is portrayed that,

“LAKUNLE:…Baroka adds more money and a coop of hens. A goat follows and ‘more money…" Page.2S

• Impotence- This is revealed as itis portrayed that

“BAROKA….1 am no man, Sadiktl. My manhood has ended near a week ago…” Page 29 10, Betrayal- This is revealed as it is portrayed that, “BAROKA:… have told this to no one but you, Who are iy-eldest; my most faith wife But if you dare parade my sham before the world…” Page.30 “SADIKU:…Oh you ate troublesome Do you promise to tell no one?

SIDI:…1 swear it. Now tell me quickly. (As Sadiku whispers her eyes widen)

O-ho-0-0-0! Page 33

11, Women emancipation- This is revealed as itis portrayed that, Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ! rrr fee SADIKU:… Not me alone girl. You too. Every woman ‘Oh my daughter that have lived to sce this day…” Page.33 “SADIKU:… Ask no questions my girl. Just join my victory dance…" Page.33 “SIDE…(Leaps in air) We won! We won! Hurray for womankind!…* Page 33 12, Miteracy- This is revealed as it is portrayed that,

‘LAKUNLE:…Haye you no shame that at you age, You ncither read nor write nor think…” Page 37 13, Humiliation- This is revealed as itis portrayed that “BAROKA:… change my wrestlers when I have learnt to throw them. J also change my wives When I learnt to tire them…” Page43

C:.CONELICTS

1), Lakunle against Sidi- This is revealed as itis portrayed that, SIDE…'ve told you and I say it again I shall marry you today, next week ‘Or any day you name. But my bride price must first be paid ‘Aha, now you turn away…” Page.7 “LAKUNLE:…gnorant girl can you not understand?

To pay the bride price would be To buy a heifer off the market stall ‘You'd be my chattel; my mere property.” Page 8 ii), Lakunle’s personal conflict- This is revealed as itis portrayed that, “LAKUNLE:… savage custom, barbaric, out-dated

Rejected, denounced…" Page

“LAKUNLE:…He’s killed her. Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' ae T warned you. You know him, ‘And wamed you…” Page.55 iil) Lakunle against Baroka- This is revealed as itis portrayed that, “BAROKA:…Turas suddenly o his attendant) Scize him!

LAKUNLE:… What for? What have I done?, BAROKA:… You have tried to steal our village maidenhead Have you forgotten? If be has, serve hi a Slap To wake his brain…” Page.17

D: DICTION/LANGUAGE USE

1; FIGURES OF SPEECH

a). Personification- This is revealed as it is portrayed that, ‘LAKUNLE:…That is what the stewpot said to the fire. Have you no shame at Your age licking my bottom…” Page.2 b), Simile- This is revealed as itis portrayed that, “LAKUNLE: But you are as Stubborn as an illiterate goat…" Page ?

¢). Tautology- This is revealed as it is portrayed that, “LAKUNLE:…And look at that! Look, look at that!” Page2 “SIDE… You are dressed like him You look like him ‘You speak his tongue: You think like him…” Page.14 4), Allusion: This is revealed as it is portrayed that “LAKUNLE:…A Prophet has honor except in his own home…” Page.S “LAKUNLE:…And the man shall take a woman Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019

1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' ToT ie: ‘And the two shall be together

Ason fresh…” Page.8

“LAKUNLE:…My Ruth, my Rachel, Esther, Bathsheba ‘Thou sum of fabled perfections

From Genesis to Revelations…” Page.20

¢), Euphemism- This. is revealed as itis portrayed that, “BAROKA:… am no man, Sadikti. My manhood has ened neara week ago…” Page.29 1), Metaphor- This is revealed as it is portrayed that, “BAROKA:…My beard tells me you've been a pupil, ‘A most diligent pupil of Sadiku Sadiku my faithful lizard…” Page-47 2). Symbolism ’). Lion- Stands for oppression ii), Jowel- Stands for virginity ii), Lizard. Stands for obedience

jv), Belle- Stands for something immature +). Bale- Stands for something mature Il, SAYING-This has been revealed as its portrayed that, a), “LAKUNLE:…Charity they say begins at home…” Page.S >). “LAKUNLE:…A Prophet has honor except In his own hom…” Page-5 ©), “LARKUNLE:…A man must live or fall by his true Principles…” Page.61

E: SETTING.

i), Nigeria-This has been revealed as it is portrayed that “SIDK:…When the whole world knows of the madman ‘Of Hlujinle, who calls himselfa teacher…” Page.3 Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' iY __,. SS (llujinle isa Yoruba village at Nigeria) “LAKUNLE:…Just like the Lagos couples I have seen And we'll spend the week-end in night-clubs at Ibadan…” Page.9 (Lagos and Ibadan are cities found at Nigeria)

F: STYLE/TECHNIQUE

a), The play has been told in dialogue, however there are some party oPihonologue as soliloquy when characters are portraying their personal conflicts. This has been revealed as itis portrayed that “BAROKA:… Yes, yes…it is five full months since last Hook a wie…five full months…” Page. 18 “SIDI:…See I hold them to swam caress Of a desire filled sun…" Page.22 “LAKUNLE:…He’s killed her Iwamed you. You know him,

And I wamed you…" Page 55 »), Singing and dancing-This has been revealed as itis portrayed that, “SIDE….This chant is taken up by all and they begin to dance round Lakunle, speaking the words in a fast shythm…” Page. 14-16 “SADIKU:… With a yell she leaps up, begins to dance round the tree, chanting Take warning my masters We'll scotch you in the end…” Page 32 “SIDE-..The musicians resume their tune. Sidi sings and dances…” Page.64

G; PLO

This text has arranged its events in chronological order, The playwright has divided this play into three paris being MORNING, NOON and NIGHT. To begin with MORNING the playwright introduces a text by portraying ot a Schoolmaster named LAKUNLE who is shown in the classroom with his students teaching, Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' Y_.. ee ee eC Shortly, iti portrayed on a Village Belle named SIDI who is shown passing at school making a

teacher leave a class and follow her, Also, this part introduces an expository part as LAKUNLE is portrayed asking a hand of marriage from SIDI but they are in disagreement on the issue of paying the bride price.

Moreover, this part introduces some girls who join hands to LAKUNLE’s and SIDI's ‘conversation being followed with a traditional dance on the lost traycler. This part ends by the arrival of BAROKA the village Bale who accuses LAKUNLE of stealing a village maidenhead even though he didn’t go.

Furthermore, by realizing the contribution brought by a schoolmaster especially in telling where the socicty goes wrong. Also. this part builds suspense by portraying BAROKA being in strong desire of marrying another wife as some five full five months has passed since he married.

AtNOON, the playwright portrays on SIDI being with LAKUNLE on the way from fetching firewood then they meet with SADIKU who is BAROKA’s eldest wife being sent by BAROKA to ask a hand for marriage as his last wife, The part reveals LAKUNLE's sedness afler hearing the news; however SIDI tells SADIKU that she won’t marry BAROKA. The part goes on depicting BAROKA’s reply after SIDI’s protest on his hand of being a last wife as he

inakes a trick by laying SADIKU that he is impotent Atthe NIGHT part portrays on SADIKU’s emancipation as she is happy from her husband’s impotence. The part reveals SADIKU singing a song of vietory and sharing the story with SIDI the thing which reveals ignorance as SIDI goes to attend at BAROKA’s supper with an intent to mock him unfortunately BAROKA becomes brave and ruins SIDI by having sex with her and destroying her virginity the thing which hurt her as she realizes it was a triek to

traps her, At last this part portrays on illusion as SIDI is married by BAROKA and not LAKUNLE adhering to the custom of marrying a first man whe met such a lady. To sum up a plot of this play the playwright has began an expasition part by naming it as MORNING where a schoolmaster named LAKUNLE is portrayed teaching; with no time a beautiful gir] named SIDI passes the school compound the thing which attracts a schoolmaster,

making him leave a class following the girl to ask a hand of marriage. Rising action begins when LAKUNLE and SIDI are portrayed in disagreement on the issue of paying bride price, being followed with the coming of GIRLS where singing and dancing are portrayed ending by LAKUNLE being accused by a chicf BAROKA of stcaling a Village maidenhead Climax is portrayed at a part named NOON, where BAROKA is revealed sending his

eldest wife named SADIKU to seduce SIDI marry him as a last wife. This thing made LAKUNLE sad but SIDI opposes the chief's idea by portraying that BAROKA is older than her. This part ends when SADIKU informs the chief on SIDI's refusal at his order, the thing which made BAROKA plan a trick of importance in order to trap SIDL ‘Wednesday, September 35, 3019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' eS ee TT Falling aetion comes at @ part named NIGHT where SADIKU is portrayed singing,

celebrating on women’s emancipation and victory over men’s oppression as chicf has became impotent. This makes SIDI attend at chiefs supper as a way of mocking him SIDI’s attendance at Chief's supper leads to a last part of resolution as SIDI is portrayed being deceived by a chief, making sex with him the practice which made her loose her Virginity This event builds an illusion as SIDI had to marry the chief instead of LAKUNLE a

schoolmaster

H; MESSAGE

• Being in a way to marriage isa tedious journey, thus requires patience and tolerance.

by). Some ATtican traditions like paying of bride price and forced marriage are harmful toward a stable marriage ©) Misuse of power among leaders is bad thing as it ereates dissatisfaction among citizens 4), Polygamy family are not good currently as they propagate poverty and transmission of dangerous diseases like AIDS/HIV.

1: RELEVANCE OF A PLAY

-Soyinka's play THE LION AND THE JEWEL is retevant among Tanzanians as well as any other African society as it reveals some African traditions like paying of bride price. forced marriage and traditional dances which still exist in most of some A tican societies.

Also, the play is relevant to Tanzanian on the portrayal of woman like BAROKA who are used by men in seducing the young ladies when they want to marry. On the other way round in Tanzania. the Sugar Mummy and Suger Daddy existing are well portrayed by the role played by SADIKU in this play.

-Morcover, the play is relevant among Tanzanians by the illusion present that old men cares in love affairs than young men, this has léad.to youth being represented by LAKUNLE fail to geta right partner as they are in need to marry.

Parallel to that, this play is relevant to Tanzanians as well asto some pats of African societies as it portrays on misuse of power among leaders being represented by BAROKA who uses his position to marry many wives without their will The last but not the least, is the portrayal of over expectations among youth as represented by LAKUNLE. This makes a play be relevant among Tanzanians as well as other African societies

as youth usually possess a lot of ambitions and expectations which can lead to frustrations as they are not met. ~~ Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' LL————————

PART.B: NOVEL ANALYSIS

FIRST TEXT

PLAY TITLE: HOUSEROY,

NOVELIST; FERDINAND OVONO.

PUBLISHERS: EINEMANN EDUCATIONAL PUBLISHERS.

PUBLICATION: 1966

A: CHARACTERS AND CHARACTERIZATION.

i). ANTON.

“kind u).BOY. iii) PEDRO.

\ TOUNDLONDOL.

ervey th name Josh -Atandons ay

Lives with Fair Get

Lives wit Faker Vademayer

Aces ofthe ~~ Wednesday, Septemiber 25, 3019 ernule2010 eetitahucsonction a:

\) FATHER GILBERT,

The priest of Saint Peter's Catholic Mission at Dangan Is kind Taught Toundi the reading and writing skills -He died off'a motorcycle accident, vi)-TINATI. 1s Toundi’s friend

vil). FATHER VANDERMAYER.

~The pricst of Saint Petcr’s Catholic Mission at Dangan Assists Father Gilbert at serving the Mission -Humiliates Blacks ‘He hands Toundi to the new Commandant vili). MARTIN. “The head of caiechist ‘Watches after Toundi -Kicked by Father Vandermayer -Drunkord ix). GULLET, ~The chief of police

Humiliates Blacks

x) SOPHIE.

The Aftican lady

Theft Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' rT xi ONDOUA. ~The singer and drummer xil. AKOMA. The chief ofthe Sos xiii). MENGUEME, “The chief of the Vanyans His younger brother was killed in the war His two sons were killed in the war xiv) ALL The travelling merchant

The Hausa man

“Wise xx) MEKONGO. The any veteran Wise Brave “Courage xvi), OBILA,

The African

Wise vil) SUZY.

The Commandant wife

-Betrays her marriage -Humiliates her servants vill) BAKLU.

The Commandant cook

Is wise Weary, Septenaber $5, 8017 eTashule 2019 , Email tzshule®gmoll.com ! oe: xix), KALISIA. -A chambermaid Good advisor Aware of moral decay

xs). MENDIM ME TIT,

~The constable. -He is looking after Toundi He is kind

B: THEMES

• Culture

i. New religion- This is shown as it iy portrayed that ~..Was in a gang of heathen boys who followed the missionary about as hhe went from hut (o hut trying to make converts to new religion…” Page 9

• Greediness- This is shown as itis portrayed that,

[My mother always used to say what my greediness would bring me to in the end…” Pages ~..You, Toundi, are the cause of this whole business. Your greediness will be the rin of us…” Page.10,

• Humiliation. This has been shown as itis portrayed that,

“ ..My father however was not a stranger and I way well acquainted with what he ‘could do witha stick. Whenever he went for either my'mother or me, it always took usa week to recover…” Page dO ~…You always say that when I start to give you's thrashing. But today I'm going to go on thrashing and thrashing until rm not angry any more…” Page.

• Cruclty- This has been shown as itis portrayed that,

‘She told me I had done well to leave my father's house and that my father did not love me as a father ought to love his son…” Page.13

• Kindness- This is shown as itis portrayed that,

Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email: tzshule®gmail.com ' Yao. Le. [Now and then he gives me an old shirt or an old pair of trousers. Father Gilbert knew me when I was stark naked, he taught me to read and write…” Page. 15 ‘…Mendim patted me on the shoulder again.

We must see what we ean do. You must look bloody. We'll pour some ox blood over you shorts and jersey. Can you ery?” Page.108 6, Segregation- This is shown as it is portrayed that, ~The Europeans feccived Communion separately…” Page.14 [saw a very preity girl atthe black’s communion…” Page.16 “lin the church of Saint Peter at Dangan the whites have their scats in the transept beside the altar. They ean follow the mass comfortably seated in cane

armchairs covered with velvct cushions. Men and women sit shoulder to shoulder. ‘The nave of the church is completely reserved for Africans, They seat on tree trunks mstead of benches and these are arranged in two rows. The servants of God march up and down the eentral siste that divides the men from the women, ‘carrying sticks…” Page.33-34

• You've been to the war You've slept with white women.

Tell usif white women are better than ours… Why do the whites forbid us their ‘women?…” Page. 57

• Awareness- This is shown as itis portrayed that,

~..°You talk as if you weren't a black, You know very well, whites haven't got what we ean fallin love with. We don’t mean anything to them either…” Page.26-27

• Botrayal- This is shown as itis portrayed that,

“T pecrad in, M. Mereaul was kissing Madame én the mouth…” Page 65 ~..altwas him, It was M. Moreau that Madame was expecting the other day… Has the lion waited till the shepherd has gone before coming to devour his ewe?…” Page-60 She jumped out of the hammock and offered the prisoner-director her arm. It ‘was bare to the shoulder and he kept his lips pressed to it for a long while.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com '

SS or Li

He rubbed his hands and leant towards Madame…" Page 79

• Hypocrisy- This is shown as itis portrayed that,

~…Madame had one set of litle smiles for her lover and a completely different set for her husbangl. When she smiles at M. Moreau I eould see only her eyelashes. When she smiles at the Commandant you could tell from the perspiration on her forchead how hard she was trying to keep her laughter sounding completely natural…" Page.72

• Moral decay” This is shown a it is portrayed that,

~,..She pinched my buttocks… She made a grab at my sexual parts and gave a little horse ery…" Page 95 *..Down on the coast, the houscboys sleep with their Madames, it is quite normal…” Page 95-96

C: CONELICTS

i). Toundi’s mother against Tinati’s mother- This is shown as it is portrayed that, “…One day my mother got into fight with the mother of my friend Tinati…” Page.10 ii), Toundi’s father against Tinati’s father“ Ths is shown as itis portrayed that, “My father has to be restrained by the neighbours from splitting open the head of Tinati's father, while Tinatis father was threatening to put his assegai through my father's stomach…” Page.10

iii). Toundi against his father- This is shown as itis portrayed that, “.AThaven't done anything to be beaten for, father’ I protested. ‘Azaanaaaaakiaasay! He roared, You dare to say you haven't done anything?”..” Page.10 “Let me off father’, Ubagged, “I won't do it again’ *You always say that when I start to give you a thrashing…” Page.11 iv), The Commandant against his wife- This is shown as itis portrayed that, “What about thet? shouted the Commandant, pointing at the lighter

What do you have to say about that, eh, Madame Decazy?. Leave us? shouted the Commandant. Are there any secrets between us? Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com '

YY __ So

All the houseboys in Dagan know about it. Yes. You sleep with Moreau. “We can't go on together after this’ said the Commandant…” Page.98 ¥). The Commandant against Toundi- This is shown as it is portrayed that, And you… he shouted, lifting his head in my direction, you were thego between, eh?

For a cigarctte from Moreau and little present from Madame-ch?..” Page.99 Vi). Toundi against Gullet and Sophie's lover“ This is shown as itis portrayed that, “Where is Sophie” he asked me, grabbing me by the neck We shall see, said Gullet giving me a kick in the kidneys…” Page.109

D; DICTION/LANGUAGE USE

1: FIGURES OF SPEECH

1: Personification- This has been shown as it is portrayed that, .lLknew from the troubled looks on their faces that the drum spoke of some misfortune…” Page? 2: Simile- This has been shown as itis portrayed that, ~…He was curled up, folded into himself like a huge antelope…” Page.3 “The skin of my knees is noW as hard as erocodile skin…” Page 14 *..owith eyes that are like the antelope’s, whose skin is pink and white as ivory.

She trembles like a flower dancing in the breeze… Her smile is te-leshing as a spring water. Her look is as warm as a ray from the setting sun…" Page47 Their laughter eame seldom like the tears of dag…" Page 52 3: Tautology- This has been shown as itis portrayed that, ~…‘A Frenchman, a Frenchman’, he panted…"

• ¢Brother’, he said, “Brother, what we are”… Page4

4: Euphomism- This has been shown as itis portrayed that, Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' Y 23 ee? I will take it as a sign that you are capable of taking your mother to bed…” Page.11 If you dodge again it means you are capable of taking my mother , your ‘grandmother to bed…” Page.11 ~…How dare you speak to me like that? A drop of my own liquid speaking to me like that!" Page.

~..<They’Il say, ‘perhaps it’s because his knife is not very sharp he prefers to keep itin its sheath’…” Page.43 “From now on my hand js sacred and mast not know the lower regions of my boxy…" Page.47

• Down on the coast, the houseboys sleep with their Madams, itis quite

normal…” Page 95-96

..-Your way back into the house will pass through my anus…” Page. 1 6: Allusion- This has been shown as itis portrayed that, +. She said that she gave me her blessing and that ifever I fell ill Thad only to bathe in a stream and I would be cured…” Page.13 7: Overstatement- This has been shown as it is portrayed that, “…A sca of human beings filled the central square inthe village…” Page.39

IL, SAVING

a). .The river does not go back to its springs…" Page.56

• “Truth lies beyond the mountains…" Page 57

6)… woman is a cob of maize for any mouth that has teeth." Page.71 4), “…Out his hole the mouse does not defy the cat…" Page.87

E: SETTING

a), M'foula- This is shown as itis portrayed that, “The drum comes from M°foula, which is very strange…” Page 2 b), Fia- This is shown as it is portrayed that, [went back to Fia…” Page.12 Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' La a veo ee ne ne Al the boys in Fia were so impressed by these that they came to ask…” Page.13 ¢). Dangan- This is shown as itis portrayed that, *…Now Lam atthe Saint Peter's Catholic Mission at Dangan…” Page. 14

*..-Today is Soturday. The whites in Dangan usually spend their Saturdays at the

European Club…" Page.26

“..n the church of Saint Peter at Dangan the whites have their seats in the transept beside the altar They ean follow the mass comfortably seated in cane armchairs covered with velvet cushions, Men and wennen sit shoulce to shoukier..” Page.33-34

F: STYLE/TECHNIQUE

a), The Novel hes been told in monologue, however there are some pars of dialogue when

characters are discussing some matters, This has been revealed where itis portrayed that,

No, Sir. Tanswered

Why aren’t you a thief? Because Ido not want to go to hell…” Page.21 ~…Who is it? Said the Commandant. ‘My cook". Said the engineer…" Page 37 b). Song: This is shown as it is portrayed that, Ken…ken…kem…ken.

Out of bed…Out of bed. Ken…ken…kem…ken.. How he trouble us…” Page.29-30 “…tAkoma King ofrrings, King of wives, White man one ring, Akoma has more thai the white men ‘Akoma King of rings, King of wives’…” Page.35 Shut the door, Saint Peter, Shut the door and hang up your keys He's not coming, he’s not dying.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' Shut the door, Saint Peter Shut the door and hang up your keys…” Page.80

G:PLOT

The novel has been portrayed in chronological order as events are arranged in series form. The Novelist has portrayed this novel in form of diary and has divided the text into two parts, The FIRST PART restinies portraying on TOUNDI ONDOUA being with ANTON, The two are accompanied by a BOY to attend a certain funeral at a near village called M"foula The SECOND PART begins atthe First Exercise Book, being followed with AUGUST

which introduces FATHER GILBERT a missionary as well as TOUNDI ONDUA with his, whole family. This part portrays on the way TOUNDI’s father is crucl to his family, the thing which made TOUNDI abandon his family and start living at the mission with FATHER GILBERT. Also, this chapter portrays on the way FATHER GILBERT dies off an accident.

Moreover, the part portrays on a sub-part called AFTER THE FUNERAL where TOUNDI is shown adopted by FATHER VANDERMAYER who in tur gave TOUNDI to THE NEW COMMANDANT. At THE NEW COMMANDANT, TOUNDI is portrayed being, exposed to different life experiences especially on becoming aware at the way blacks like BAKLU, SOPHIE and KALISIA are segregated, humilisted, disregarded and oppressed by Whites like GULLET, SUZY and MOREAU,

Furthermore, the chapter has another sub-part called AFTERNOON, where TOUNDI is shown portraying on the way SUZY is betraying her husband by engaging in extra marital affairs with MME MOREAU during her husband’s absent.

The THIRD PART starts at the Second Exercise Book which begins by showing a conversation made between TOUNDI and BAKEU discussing on the bchaviour of their boss's wife engaging in extra marital affairs at her husband’s absent, TOUNDI being a go between them.

‘Also, this part biilds a new experience as it portrays that THE NEW COMMANDANT is angry after revealing his wife’s sccrecy of involving herself in extra marital affairs. This has lead to the distrust and disloyalty of TOUNDI leading to different troubles at his boss's house. It is at this chapter where TOUNDI is portrayed experioncing some hardships as he is accused by GULLET and SOPHIE'S lover of being thief the thing which lead to TOUNDI’s anest and

oppression, On top of that the chapter has 2 part called SECOND NIGHT AT THE POLICE CAMP where TOUNDI is portrayed being jailed the thing which made him feel sick as a result ofthe severe punishments at police station which broke his rib, Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' a

H; MESSAGE

a), Parents should be kind when caring their chikdren as cruelty makes children abandon their families. 1). The institutions like family, chureh, police and court are to work ia fair and justice manner as they create classes in the society: hence intensify exploitation, humiliation, torture and oppression of the minority class.

¢), Faithfulness in marriage makes the marriage become stable; thus, it should to be taken into account ay its absent leads into conflicts and separation of families. 4), The haves should respect their servants, as they are the one who make them live a happier and enjoyable life

I: RELEVANCE OF A NOVEL

-Oyono's novel HOUSE BOY is relevant among Tanzanians as well as any other African society as it reveals on some oppressive and humiliative acts that blacks experienced in South Affica during minority ralc, which stil cxist in tost of some African socictics.

“Also, the novel is relevant to Tanzanian on the portrayal of a woman like SUZY who are betraying their husbands by involving in extramarital affairs. On the other way round in Tanzania, the Sugar Mummy and Sugar Daddy existing are well portrayed by the role played by SUZY in this novel.

Moreover, the novel is relevant among Tanzanians as it portrays on the way leaders who are in power misuses their positions by taking young ladics like SOPHIF being their lovers in favor of their positions The last but not the least, this play is relevant to Tanzanians as well as to some parts of Afican societies as it portrays on parents cruelty to their children, the habit which makes some children like TOUNDI abandon their families.

"Wednesday, September 25,2010 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' —— a

PART C: POEM ANALYSIS/POEM CRITICISM.

ouECHVE SS is xpd ht the cof this sb pi sides shoud detonate shy oad nd

TEXT: SELECTED POEMS FROM TANZANIA INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION 1996

1. TITLE: EAT MORE POET: JOE CORRIE

Mare mor bse ore red Ba av unenployaent py, My in year aw and wed Aas wonder when Ls The sigan when pt Golde questions ee Sat ths poem al hou? > Eton poem which about sing bance det. addresses on an ina elings evar th commer slogan which nee pope to i What king ei pe?

people soa s commercial slogan which parson al pepe ca Bata wtile mon of em a poor i Who spat inthe poo?

• 7A pos portage por pean sth one who speak ine pom. The

Peto any bier ad uaoppy comping onthe crcl Slogan which nial people oem bane et while mow of cm Wve Wha te oa oe pa ¥._What ae the pone themes pons in it poss 2} Balance te, Unempayet ), Povey). Prtest) Hypooriy Cases

• Pemoalicaon, Tanologye) Symbelsn 3) Satie 0 hmagery

ee ernule2010 ae =. ae. oe 1). Balance diet builds stronger health to people b). Unemployment stagnates development €), Poverty make people fail to eat balance diet d). Protest can make people get thei rights ). Hypoerisy is not good in the society because it can lead to misunderstandings between people Vili. How faris this poem related to what happens in the society today?

% Eat More is related to what happens in the society because it portrays on issues like Balance diet, unemployment, Poverty, Protest, Hypocrisy and ‘Classes which are happening every day.

2, TITLE: BUILDING THE NATION POET: HENRY BARLOW

Today I did my share That I had not, but I was sliming In building the nation I drove a permanent secretary Upon which he said with seriousness To an important urgent function ‘That amused more than annoyed me Jn fact to a luncheon at the VIC Miwananchi, I too had none [attended to matters of state The menu reflected its importance Highly delicate diplomatic duties you Cold beer with small talk know The fried chicken with niceties ‘And friend it goes against my grain

Wine to fill the hollowness of the Causes me stomach ulcers and wind tough Ah, he continued yawning again lee cream to cover the stereotype The pains we suffer in building the jokes nation Coffee to keep the Ps awake on return Journey So the Ps had ulcers too My uleers I think are equally painful 1 drove the Permanent Secretary back: Only they are caused by hunger He yawned many times in the back of ‘Not sumptuous lunches

the car Then to keep awake, he suddenly So two national builders asked Arrived home this evening Did you have any Iuinch friend’? With terrible stomach pains I replied locking straight ahead The result of building the nation ‘And secretly smiling at his belated Different ways Guide questions i. What is this poem all about?

> Building the nation is a poem which is about responsibility and irresponsibility. It addresses on the way some government leaders" misuses their positions by using the government funds and properties for their personal benefits while citizens are responsible in building the nation.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019 STzshule 2019 1 Email tashule®gmatl.com ' YY _. aC i, What kind is this poem? > Building the nation is a free verse poem. It expresses the strong Aissatisfaction on the idea of building the nation whereby Goverment officials are not building but destroying the nation while leaving the majority citizens starving with life hardship.

iii, Who speaks in he poem? A poet portrayed as Driver and Ps is the one who speaks in the poem. The persona is angry, biter and unhappy toward the Ps way of building the nation hypocritically iv. What is the mood of the persona’?

The mood of the persona in Building the fdtion i serious, angry, sarcasm and ironical V. What are the possible themes portrayed in this poem? In Building the nation there are themes portrayed like a). Responsibility b). Misuse of resources e). Hypocrisy d). Selfishness e), Classes 1). Awareness vi Examine the figures of speech used in this poem a), Irony b). Sarcasm c), Personification d), Barburismn e). Imagery 1). Tautology

vii. Identify the lessons portrayed in this poem 1). Being responsible makes people attain their daily goals b). Inesponsibility and misuse of power stagnates development ©). Hypocrisy and selfishness are bad ideals because they divide people 4). Awareness can make people know their rights and fight for them when they are violated Vili, How far is this poem related to what happens in the society today?

Building the nation is related to what happens in the society because it portrays om issues like Misuse of resources, Classes, Hypocrisy and ‘Awareness which are happening every day “Wednesday, September 25, 2019 eTzshule 2019 Email: tzshule@gmail.com

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Fr

3. TITLE: YOUR PAIN PORT: ARMANDO GUERUZA

Your pain My hands Yet more my pain ‘Yet more your hands Shall suffocate oppression Will be lifted full armed Your eyes My strength Yet more my eyes ‘Yet more your strength Will be speaking about revolt Shall overcome imperialism Your sears My blood Yet more my sears ‘Yet more your blood Will be remembering the whip Shall irrigate our victory Guide questions i. What is this poem all about?

% Your Pain is a poem which is about freedom fighting or liberation struggle: It addresses on the way society members ate tired of oppression, humiliation, torture and exploitation done to them by colonialists. So, the persona is one among the oppressed who encourages others fo unite and fight against the oppressors, ji, What kind is this poem?

% Your Pain isa didactic poem. It expresses on the instructions given by the persona to his/her fellows to unite and fight against their enemies in acder to gain freedom. iii, Who speaks in the poem?

A poet portrayed as oppressed is the one who speaks in the poem. The petsona is angry and serious in encouraging unite among society members in order to liberate the society from oppressors iv. What is the mood of the persona?

% The mood of the persona in Your Pain is angry and serious v. What are the possible themes portrayed in this pcm? -In Your Pain there are themes portrayed like: a). Oppression b), Humiliation 6). Unity and solidarity d). Liberation or armed struggle ¢). Self sacrifice f). Awareness g). Protest h), Imperialism or colonialism i) Exploitation

BD. Classes k), Torture

vi. Examine the figures of speech used in this poem 4). Imagery b). Tautology ¢). Personification d). Symbolism “Wednesday, September 25, 2019 eTzshule 2019 Email tzshule@gmail.com

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YY _. vii. Mentify the lessons portrayed in this poem 4). Oppression and humiliation ereates fear and insecurity to people b). Classes and exploitation between society members siagnates development €). Unity and self sserifice are important tools toward any suecessful liberation struggle d). Awareness can make people know their rights and fight for them when they are violated Vili, How far is this poem related to what happens in the society today?

% Your Pain is related to what happens in the society because it portrays on issues like Oppression, Humiliation, Unity and solidarity, Self sacrifice Awareness, Protest, Exploitation ,Classes and Torture which are happening every day.

4. POET: SUNRISE POET: JWANLMWAIKUSA

Behold The sun has risen And with it the sons ofthe land has risen too, Forward they go Well armed Singing praises to the beauty of the sunrise With the determination of long-term warriors Challenging the enemy With the courage of free mind And vigour of clear purpose Sit and wait brethren Wait and see what glory they bring at sunset How they pay homage to the land And their people Guide questions i. What is this poem all about?

> Sunrise isa poem which is about liberation or armed struggle It addresses ‘on way society members are ready to go to a battle for challenging their ‘enemy who has oppressed, humiliated. tortured and exploited them over years, ii, What kind i this poem?

Sunrise is sonnet poem. Wexpresses in fourteen lines on the way society members are rady and determined to go for 2 war in order to liberate themselves fom life hardships which they are experiencing iii, Who speaks in the poem?

> A poet portrayed is the one who speaks inthe poem, The persona is determined and serious toward liberation strugule to end injustice prevailing in the society “Wednesday, September 25, 2019 eTzshule 2019 Email tashule@gmail.com

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r ©.” a iv. Whar is the mood of the persons’? The mood of the persona in Sunrise is serious and determined Vv. What are the possible themes portrayed in this poern? In Sunrise there are themes portrayed like 2). Unity and solidarity b) Liberation or armed struggle c), Patriotism d.

Determination e). Protest f). Classes g). Exploitation h). Humiliation i). Oppression j) Discrimination

• Self sacrifice

Vi. Examine the figutes of speech used inthis poem 4). Personifieation b). Tautology ©) Symbolism d) imagery vii. Wdentify the lessons portrayed in this poem 2), Patriotism and determination helps people w reach ther life expectations }). Unity and self sacrifice are necessary tools for any person to restore his or her Violated rights ¢). Exploitation, humiliation and oppression propagates inequality and injustice in

the society 4). Protest can make people get their rights Vili. How far is this poem related to what happens in the society today? > Sunwise is related to what happens in the society beeause it portrays on issues ike Unity and solidarity, Patriotism, Determination, Protest, Classes, Exploitation, Humiliation, Oppression, Discrimination and Self sactifice which are happening every day.

5. TITLE: IF WE MUST DIE POET: CLAUDE MeKay

we must die, et it not be like hogs Hunted and penned in an inglorious spot While round us bark the mad and angry dogs Making their mock at our accursed lot If we must de, let us nobly die So that our precious blood may not be shed Invain then the moasters we defy Shall be constrained to honor us through dead O kinsmen! We must meet out common foe Though far outnumbered, lt us show us brave And for their thousand blows, deal one death blow

What though before us les the open grave? Like men we'll face the murderous cowardly pack Pressed to the wall dying but fighting back. “Wednesday, September 25, 2019 eTeshule 2019 Email t2shule@gmall.com

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a Guide questions i. Whar is this poem all about? > If We Must Die isa poem which is about liberation struggle. It addresses ‘on Way society members are oppressed, humiliated and tortured. So, they see # needy to fight back in order to end oppression, humiliation and injustice existing in their society ii What kind is this poem?

% If We Must Die is a sonnet poem. It expresses in fourteen Lines on the way society members are subjected to death, so they have to die while fighting back if possible to save theit lives from the death which they have to experience, iii, Who speaks in the poem?

A poet portrayed as oppressed is the one who speaks in the poem. The petsona is angry and serious because he or she encourages others to unite sand fight back toward injustice prevailing in the society iv. What is the mood of the persona’?

> ‘The mood of the persona in If We Must Die is angry and serious Vv. What are the possible themes portrayed in this poem? -In If We Must Die there are themes portrayed like 1). Awareness b) Self sacrifice c). Humiliation d). Oppression ), Protest). Unity and solidarity g). Injustice h). Classes i) Racism vi Examine the figures of speech used in this poem a). Personification b). Tautology c). Rhetorical question d). Imagery e). Simile

vii. Identify the lessons portrayed in this poem 4). Awareness helps people to know their rights and restore them when they are Violated b). Unity and self sacrifice are necessary tools far any person to restore his or her Violated rights ©). Exploitation, humiliation and oppression propagates inequality and injustice in the society «). Protest ean make people get their rights viii. How far is this pocm related to what happens in the socicty today?

If We Must Dic iy related to what happens in the society because it portrays on issues like Awareness, Self sacrifice, Humiliation, Oppression, Protest, Unity and solidarity, Injustice, Classes and Racism which are happening every day.

“Wedaesday, September 25, 2019 eTzshule 2019 Email tashule@gmail.com

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6. TITLE: FRONTLINE PORT: GEORGE SHEA

Frontline Where manhood and consciousness is tested The only place to bury persecutions and burdens of ages ‘The only place to declare names of immortal Trust me brother you will not be alone there Frontline Where butlets will graze on man and grass Where man will make his own lightning and thunder Where the enemy will fall and never to rise Brother truly my shadow will be next to yours Frontline know it is biter but I ike it

like it particularly because i i bitter ike it heeause itis where I belong, For out of bittemess comes equality, freedom and peace 1 will be in front-line when the roll is called Frontline valleys and plains of events and history Guide questions i, What is this poem all about?

% Frontline is a poem which is about liberation struggle: It addresses on the ‘way a poet calls all society members to unite together to liberate themselves through armed struggle from the enemy who has oppressed and inumiliated them for a long time. So, they want to fight in order to restore peace, freedom and equality in their society ii What kind is this poem?

> Frontline is a fiee verse particularly a lyrie poem. It expresses on the way society members are encouraged t0 unite and sacrifice their ives through fighting in the frontline in order to liberate their society from humiliation ‘oppression and injustice which they have experienced fora long time iii, Who speaks in the poem?

> A poct portrayed as oppressed is the one who speaks in the poem. The petsona is angry and serious because he or she encourages others to unite and fight back foward injustice prevailing in the society iv. What is the mood of the persona’?

> The mood of the persona in Frontline is angry andl serious ¥. What are the possible themes portrayed in this poem? -In Frontline there are themes portrayed like: a). Self sacrifice b).Avareness c). Unity and solidarity d) Injustice ‘Wednesday, September 25, 2019 eTzshule 2019 Email tzshule@gmail.com

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PY _ = rr €), Protest 1). Oppression g). Exploitation h). Liberation vii Examine the figures of speech used in this poem a), Personitication b). Tautology c), Symbolism d). Imagery e). Metaphor Vii. Mlentify the lessons portrayed in this poem a). Awareness helps people to know their rights and restore them when they are Violated b). Unity and self sacrifice are necessary tools for any person to restore his or her violated rights

©), Fxploiiation, humiliation and oppression propagates inequality and injustice in the society d). Protest ean make people get their rights Vili. How faris this poem related to what happens in the society today?

% Frontline is related to what happens in the society because it portrays on issues like Self sacrifice, Awareness, Unity and solidarity, Injustice Protest, Oppression, Exploitation, Liberation whieh are happening every day.

7. TITLE: THE SONG OF THE COMMON MAN POET: CRISPIN

HAUL

They drive me along they do they de These my brothers no longer brothers- ‘Their hands are whip, along they drive me No longer am I the same mother’s ehild They push me along indeed they do These my sisters no longer sisters- ‘Their mouths are cannons, spitle of fire No longer am I the same father's pride They kick me along they do they do These my playmates no longer playmates Their actions are fates, my life they decide

No longer am I the same free-born human, They abuse me they do time and again Fellow hurnans load me with all their bundles They are my masters, and me a poor ass To be driven, pushed, kicked and abused “Wednesday, September 25, 2019 eTzshule 2019 Email tashule@gmail.com

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r — al Guide questions 1 What is this poem all about? > The Song of the Common Man is a poem which is about betrayal and ijsuse of power. It addresses on the way that people who are in power are ‘oppressing, exploiting, humiliating and misteating their fellows who are poor and innocent ji, What kind is this poem?

The Song of the Common Man is a fiee verse. It expresses on the people's feelings toward their fellaws who are in power but they are betraying, ‘oppressing, humiliating and mistreating the poor and weak ones iii, Who speaks in the poem?

A poet portrayed as oppressed isthe one Who speaks in the pozm. The persons is angry, sad and serious because people who are entrusted to he in paver are misireating, humiliating, oppressing and betraying their fellow Afticans who suffer in the massive poor life iv. Whats the mood of the persons’?

> The mood of the persona in The Song of the Common Man is angry, sad v. What are the possible themes portrayed in this poeen? In The Song of the Common Man there ate themes portrayed like 2). Oppression b) Betrayal). Humiliation d), Injustice

€), Classes Exploitation

Vi. Examine the figures of speech used inthis poem 2), Tautology b). Metaphor vii. Wdentify the lessons portrayed ia this poem 2), Exploitation, humiliation and oppression propagates inequality and injustice in the society Vili. How far is this poem related to what happens in the society today?

> The Song of the Common Man is related to what happens in the society because it porirays.on issues like: Oppression, Betrayal, Humiliation, Injustice, Classes and Exploitation which are happening every day “Wednesday, September 25, 9019 eTeshule 2019 Ema tashule@ gmail.com

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& TITLE: AN ABANDONED BUNDLE POET: OTHMAN MTSHALI

The moming mist And chimney smoke

of White City Jabavu

flowed thick yetlow as pus oozing fiom 2 gigantic sore It smothered our litle houses like fish caught in a net Scavenging dogs draped in red bandannas of blood fought fiereely for 2 squirming bundle 1 threw a briek they bared fangs flicked velvet tongue of searlet and scurried away leaving a mutilated corpse an infact dumped an a rubbish heap “Oh, baby in the manger Sleep well On human dung” Its mother hhad melted into the rays ofthe rising sun

hr face glittering with innocence her heart as pure as untrammeled dew Guide questions i. What is this poem all about? An Abandoned Bundle is a poem which is about moral erosion. It addresses on the way a certain woman throws her baby in a rubbish dump and dogs eat the child i, What kind is this poem?

An Abandoned Bundle isa free verse poem. It expresses on the way people in the society are very poor. So, poverty forces most of women to ‘engage in prostitution where they get unwanted pregnancies, due poor life they throw their children because they are not able to take eare of them.

iii, Who speaks in he poem? A poets the one who speaks in the poem. The persona is angry to a mother, sad and sympathetic to a child because this practice is very ‘common among people today.

“Wednesday, September 25, 2019 eTzshule 2019 Email tzshule@gmail.com

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Yan… iv. What is the mood of the persona’? The mood of the persona in An Abandoned Bundle is angry, sad, serious and sympathetic V. What are the possible themes portrayed in this poem?

-In An Abandoned Bundle there are themes portrayed like; 4). Environmental pollution b). Poverty €). Prostitution d). Injustice ) Abandonment f), Racism vii Examine the figures of speech used in this poem 4). Simile b). Metaphor e). Alliteration d). Symbolism Vii, Mentify the lessons portrayed in this poem a). Poverty leads to immorality and injustice in the society b). Prostitution results to unwanted pregnancy and mass Killing of children in the

Vili. How far is this poem related to what happens in the society today? % An Abandoned Bundle is related to what happens in the Society because it portrays on issues like Environmental pollution, Poverty, Prostitution, Injustice, Abandonment and Racism which are happening every day

9. TITLE: BALLAD OF THE LAND LORD POET: LANGSTON HUGHES

Talk on till you get through Landlord Landlord You ain't gonna be able to say a My roofhas sprung a leak word Don’t you member Liold you about If and my fist on you it Way last week? Police! Police!

Come and get this man! Landlord! Landtordt He is tying to ruin the government These steps is broken down ‘And overtur the land! When you come up yourself IS. wonder you don't fall down Copper’s whistlet Patrol bell!

Ten bucks you say [owe you? Arrest Ten bucks you say is duc? Well, that’s ten bucks more’n PU Precinct station pay you Iron cell Till you fix this house up new. Headlines in press What? you gonna get eviction Man threatens landlord orders You gonna cut off my heat? Tenant held no bail You gonna take my furniture Throw itin the street? Judge gives Negro 90 days in county Um-hub! You talking high and jail mighty “Wednesday, September 25, 2019

eTzshule 2019 Email tashule@gmail.com

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rr Guide questions i, What is this poem all about? > Ballad of the Land Lord isa poem which is about a quarrel between a landlord and tenant, Itaddresses on the way a landlord is demanding his hhouse rent and the tenant is not ready to pay the rent because the house he stays in not repaired; due to that landlord threatens to eviet the tenant and the tenant threatens to beat up the landlord, The landlord being coming from the upper elass, he calls the police to jail the tenant for ruining the

‘goverment the thing which is not true i What kind is this poem? % Ballad of the Land Lord isa free verse narrative poem particularly ballad poem. It expresses on the way some powerful people and institutions favors the rich ones while mistreating, humiliating and oppressing the weak and poor ones.

iii, Who speaks in the poem? A poet portrayed as oppressed, humiliated and vietim of racial injustice is the one who speaks in the poem. The persona is angry, hatred toward the ‘oppressive landlord, sad and sympathetic to a tenant who is a victim of mistreatment and racial injustice done to him by Police Officers and the Judge.

iv. What isthe mood ofthe persona’? % The mood of the persona in Ballad of the Land Lordis angry, sad, serious and sympathetic ¥. What are the possible themes portrayed in this poem?

-In Ballad of the Land Lord there are themes portrayed! like; a). Awareness b), Protest c). Conflict d), Exploitation ¢), Oppression 9).

Humiliation ¢), Hypocrisy

hy), Classes i), Injustice j), Racism ‘vi, Examine the figures of speech used in this poem 4a). Tautology b). Rhetorical question c). Hyperbole d). Satire c), Onomatopocia ‘vii, Identify the lessons portrayed in this poem 4). Racism leeds to injustice in the socicty b). Landlrds should be fair to their tenants by repairing their houses for better health ©). Awareness helps people o fight for their rights as they find them violated

4), Protest isa good tool when fighting for the violated rights. vii, Hoow far is this poem related to what happens in the society today? ‘Wednesday, September 25, 2019 eTzshule 2019 , Email tashule@gmail.com !