Concepts in poultry feeding procedures

Concepts in poultry feeding procedures

Types of rearing chickens

Types of rearing chickens Intensive Semi-intensive Extensive

Feeding management

Feeding management Objective The objective of a defined feeding management program is to supply a range of balanced diets that satisfy the nutrient requirements at all stages of development & that optimize efficiency and profitability without compromising bird welfare or the environment.

In Nutrition,

In Nutrition, the Three Most Expensive Nutrients are: 2.Amino Acids (protein) 3.Available Phosphorus

Nutrients in feed

Nutrients in feed

Expressed as calorie (cal) or joule.

Expressed as calorie (cal) or joule. One kilocalorie (kcal) = 4.184 kilojoules (kj) kj = 0.239 kcal Requirements are expressed in terms of Metabolizable Energy

Plays imp. Role in

Plays imp. Role in Body structural functions Transportation of nutrients and oxygen Catalyst in chemical reactions (enzymes) Immuno-competence (antibodies) Chemical regulation (hormones) Blood clotting, vision Growth and production Regulating acid-base balance

Amino acids

Amino acids Amino acids are the building blocks 22 amino acids are in nature and build all plants and animals Plants synthesize all the AA Animals synthesize only 12, remaining 10 need to be provided in diet and are essential

Amino acids

Amino acids Essential | Synthesised from limited sources | Readily synthesized Arginine | Tyrosine | Alanine Histidine | Cystine | Aspartic acid Isoleucine | Hydroxylysine | Aspargine Leucine | | Glutamic acid Lysine | | Glutamine Methionine | | Hydroxyproline Phenylalanine | | Glycine Threonine | | Serine Tryptophan | | Proline Valine | |

Limiting Amino Acids Normally deficient in practical diets Methionine – 1st limiting AA in broilers Threo

Limiting Amino Acids Normally deficient in practical diets Methionine – 1st limiting AA in broilers Threonine – 3rd limiting AA for broilers & 1st Limiting AA in starting egg-type pullets. Critical Amino Acids Normally deficient & necessary for protein synthesis initiation Lysine, methionine, meth+cystine, tryptophan, threonine, arginine, isoleucine

Ideal protein concept – precision protein nutrition to minimize the loss of N

Ideal protein concept – precision protein nutrition to minimize the loss of N Digestible amino acid values – permits higher levels of cheaper, alternative protein sources decrease nitrogen excretion by the bird

Energy sources

Energy sources Protein sources Mineral supplements Vitamin supplements Feed additives

Energy supplements

Energy supplements Constitute 60-70% of feed Play an imp. role in cost effective feed formulation and providing bulk. Divided into high energy and low energy supplements High energy suppl. Maize, wheat, broken rice, sorghum, fats and oils Low energy suppl. Pearl millet, finger millet & other small millets, rice polish or bran, DORB, wheat bran, molasses, tapioca flour, etc.

Maize – most popular, can be replaced partially or even completely