GROWING MANAGEMENT

GROWING MANAGEMENT I. Systemof Rearing 1. Range system – this is a good system but because of more land area required, this system is commonly practice by native chicken growers & by duck raisers. 2. semi -confinement system – this is a system of raising poultry where the birds are provided w/ shed or housing & an area to graze or pasture. E.i in native chicken, organic chicken production.

3. complete – confinement – the modern trend in raising commercial strains. a.) Litter floor b.) Slat floor c.) Combination d.) Cages

GROWING MANAGEMENT

GROWING MANAGEMENT II. Rearing of Pullets 1. Feeding requirements of growing pullets 6 -14 weeks Grower ration 16% 14 – 20 weeks Pullet developer ration 14% Birds tend to lay eggs early when feed of high protein c This is not desirable since early sexual maturity results in smaller pullets & consequently production of smaller eggs.

Note: Feeding through should not be filled more than 1/3 to prevent feed wastage. The feeder should be replenished 3-4 times a day to stimulate feed consumption.

GROWING MANAGEMENT

GROWING MANAGEMENT 2. Signs of sexual maturity Change in appearance of the secondary sexual characters. 1. Comb & wattles begin to increase in size & the color becomes red 2. Pullets become friendly & cackle 3. Pullets instinctively looks for nest 4. Pullets become docile (easily manage) & gregarious (sociable) 5. The vent & abdomen become enlarge. Note: The surest sign of sexual maturity is the laying of the 1st egg.

LAYER FLOCKED MANAGEMENT

LAYER FLOCKED MANAGEMENT Systemsof rearing of layer flocks Range system – good system but needs more land area, commonly practiced by native chicken growers and duck raisers Semi-confinement = a system where birds are provided with shed and an area to graze Complete confinement- modern trend in raising chicken. Ex. Litter floor, slat floor, combinations and cages

LAYER FLOCKED MANAGEMENT

LAYER FLOCKED MANAGEMENT Small poultry housing – shed or gable type Large poultry house monitor or semi monitor Open sided Housing units for layers Brooder house – 4 to 6 weeks old; slatted or litter floor Growing house – 4 or 6 weeks old to 14-16 wks. Old; slatted or litter-floor Layer house – 14-16 wks onwards;

Single, multiply (2-10 pullets) or colony (20-30 pullets) Local conditions – 3-4 birds/cage give good performance

LAYER FLOCKED MANAGEMENT

LAYER FLOCKED MANAGEMENT Daily Routine of Work in the Layer House A. Feeding Layers must be fed a dietary composition referred to as layer ration or breeder ration. Layer ration will generally contain a 15-18% protein level. Day – old to six weeks old – chicks starter mash (20% CP Six to twelve weeks old – grower feeds; 16% CP Twelve to 18 weeks old – developer feeds; 14%CP 18 to 42 wks. Old – layer 1 feed; 18% CP

42 wks to culling – layer 2 feeds; 17% CP Note: Mature laying hens will consume about as low as 90 grams to as high as 140 grams a day. One year consumption varies from 40 to 42 kilos per layer.

LAYER FLOCKED MANAGEMENT

LAYER FLOCKED MANAGEMENT B. Watering Drinking water must be available to the layers all the time. The egg is about 65 to 70 % water. One hundred layers can consume about 7 gallons of water during a normal day and will drink much more when the temperature of the environment becomes higher. C. Egg Collecton

They are capable of laying one a day but it is next to impossible to realize one-egg-one-day for long period of time. They are expected to skip some days in egg production. Oviposition (the act of egg laying) takes place normally as early as 7:00 a.m to as late as 4:00 p.m.

LAYER FLOCKED MANAGEMENT

LAYER FLOCKED MANAGEMENT C. Egg Collecton Majority of hens lay their eggs b/w 10:00 a.m to 2:00 p.m. The concentration of egg laying takes place before noon as a common observation. Eggs must be collected in wire baskets to provide good air circulation. Flock Replacement Program Programs of replacement can vary from a set of one flock every 3 months. It can be as often as a monthly set up of replacement stocks

depending on the program and availability of facilities. Feeds and Feed Supplement Feed is the biggest item in the operational cost. Capitalization Broiler raising needs intensive capital, returns are quick but investments are high.

SYSTEM OF BROILER OPERATION

SYSTEM OF BROILER OPERATION All-in-all out system Only broiler of one being raised and all of them are sold at the same time. Most desirable to affect a simple disease control measure, especially if in one locality, community or area, there will be no other age groups of birds Two stage operation

Two age groups of broiler are being kept in the farm. If the principle that no different ages of chicks are not to be mixed in one house will be followed, the two stage operation certainly calls for separate brooder house and grower house.

SYSTEM OF BROILER OPERATION

SYSTEM OF BROILER OPERATION Multiple stage broiler operation This is similar to the two stage broiler operation except that there should be more units to facilitate as many stages or accommodate various ages of broilers The turn-over of chicks can be either daily every 2 days, weekly bi-weekly, etc. Contract Growing Of Broilers 1. Integrator company (contractor) 2. Farmer (grower) Classification of broiler raisers

A. Independent raiser B. Contract grower

SYSTEM OF BROILER OPERATION

SYSTEM OF BROILER OPERATION