Basic Concept of Research
Session 5: Basic Concept of Research
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed
SESSION OVERVIEW
Activity/
Step Time Content
Method
1. 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks
2. 20 minutes Presentation Brainstorming Definition of Research
Presentation
Importance of Research in Pharmaceutical
3. 35 minutes Buzzing Services
Presentation
4. Application of Research Concepts in
50 minutes Small group discussion Pharmaceutical Services
5. 05 minutes Presentation Key Points
6. 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation
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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 32
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Definitions of Research (20 minutes)
Activity: Brainstorming (10 minutes)
Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:
ALLOW few students to respond?
WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board
CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below
o A careful and systematic process of inquiry to find answers to problem of interest.
o It is a systematic process of collection, analysis and interpretation of data to answer a
research question or solve a problem
o Includes use of facts, use of theories, data analysis, sampling, doing an experiment
o To do research is to investigate the problem systematically and thoroughly to
Solve problem of interest.
o Human instinct to inquiry, to know, to know more, to explore, to find out, to explain,
to overcome a problem
o An on-going process
o How we live today is partly due to research
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STEP 3: Importance of research in Pharmaceutical Services (35 minutes)
Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes)
ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes
ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not mentioned
WRITE their response on the flip chart/board
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below
o Improve patient outcomes and further develop the profession.
o Inform workforce development, education, practice and commissioning decisions.
o Clinical advances resulting from research help improve the care of patients
o Research findings assist in developing new roles and practice models for
clinical pharmacists.
o Its aim is to support evidence-based policy and practice decisions
where pharmacists are employed or medicines are prescribed or used
STEP 4: Application of Research Concepts in Pharmaceutical Services
(50 minutes)
Activity: Small group discussion (30 minutes)
DIVIDE students in small manageable groups of 5-6 students
ASK them to discuss on how they can apply research in pharmaceutical services (15 minutes)
ALLOW one group to present and let other groups to add on points not mentioned
WRITE their response on the flip chart/board
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below
Application of Research Concepts in Pharmaceutical services
o Focuses on examining how and why people access pharmacy services, how much care
costs, and what happens to patients as a result of this care.
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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 34
o Health policy and governance
o Quality assurance and safety
o Medicine access and rational use
o Quality, safety & standards (e.g. vaccines and biological)
o Strengthening the services, they provide through:
Building the evidence base for developing and commissioning new services
Improving patient care
Contributing to the knowledge base within health service research more widely
Gaining both professionally and personally in the process
STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes)
answer a certain question or solve a problem
governance, quality assurance and safety, rational use of drugs
STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)
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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 35
References
Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Freeman, J. & Shoesmith, E. (2007).
Basic Statistics and epidemiology (2001). A practical guide, Radcliffe Medical Press,
United Kingdom
Beaglehole R, Bonita R and Kjellstrom (1993) Basic epidemiology, World Health
Organization, Geneva
Kazaura, M. R., Makwaya, C. K., Masanja, C. M. and Mpembeni, R.C. (1997). Lecture notesin
Biostatistics, manual of biostatistics: Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences,
Dar es Salaam
Polit, D. F and Beck, C. T (2004) Nursing Research – Principles and Methods, (7th Ed):
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
Rao, J. S., & Richard, J. (2002). An introduction to biostatistics-a manual for students in
helthsciences (3rd. Ed): New Delhi, India: Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd
Rosner B (2010): Fundamental of Biostatistics (7th Ed.): Boston, USA: Cengage Learning
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PST 06210 Operational Research NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide 36
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