Pharmacotherapy of Cyanide Poisoning in Cattle and Goat
PST 06107
Basic Veterinary Pharmacology
Session 42: Pharmacotherapy of Cyanide Poisoning in Cow and Goat
Learning Tasks
By
the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define cyanide poisoning in cow and goat
List signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning in cow and goat
Describe pharmacological treatment of cyanide poisoning in cow and goat
Describe control and prevention of cyanide poisoning in cow and goat
Activity: Buzzing
is Aspergillosis in Dog?
Definition of cyanide Poisoning in Cow and Goat
Cyanogenic glycosides accumulate in some plants (e.g. Johnson grass, Sudan grass, Sorghum etc.,) whenever their cycle of vegetation is interrupted which happen when they wither after a sudden removal of water, after application of herbicides or under special climatic influences
Cyanide interferes with oxygen transport to tissues
Signs and Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning in Cow and Goat
Excitement
Staggering
Dyspnoea
with tachycardia
Cattle stand with their mouths wide open
Salivation and frothy foam
Nystagmus
Lacrimation
Muscle tremors and finally tonic-
clonic
convulsions and vomiting and death
Activity:
Brainstorming
are
the Treatment
and Preventive
measures
for Cyanide Poisoning in Cow and Goat??
Pharmacological Treatment and Prevention of Cyanide Poisoning in Cow and Goat
Initial
Dose
Maintenance
Pharmacological Treatment and Prevention of Cyanide Poisoning in Cow and Goat
Prevention
The
best preventive step is to test suspect feed and/or pastures before allowing consumption
Pasture and forage sorghums (
eg
, Sudan grass and sorghum-Sudan grass hybrids) should not be grazed until they are >60 cm tall or have been proved by testing to have acceptable cyanide levels, to reduce danger from prussic acid poisoning
Key Points
In
acute cyanide poisoning, cyanide ions (CN–) bind to, and inhibit, the ferric (Fe
3+)
heme
moeity
form of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase
This blocks the fourth step in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (reduction of oxygen to water), resulting in the arrest of aerobic metabolism and death from
histotoxic
anoxia
The goal of treatment is to break the cyanide-cytochrome c oxidase bond and
reestablish
the mitochondrial electron transport chain
Evaluation
What
is cyanide poisoning in Cow and Goat?
What are the common signs and symptoms of cyanide poisoning in Cow and Goat?
What is the pharmacological treatment of cyanide poisoning in Cow and Goat?
What are the control measures against cyanide poisoning in Cow and Goat?
References
Riviere
J. E.,
Papich
M. G. (2009).
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
(9
th
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Hsu
W. H. (2008).
Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology
(1
st
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Kuafmann
J, (1996).
Parasitic infections of domestic animals
, (2
nd
ed
).Berlin,
Birkhäuser
Verlag
Press
Hoare
E. W. (2013).
A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology
(2
nd
ed
),New
York, Forgotten Books
Press
Maddison
. J. (
ed
) (2008).
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
, (2nd
ed
). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited
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