Pharmacotherapy of Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater Fish
PST 06107
Basic Veterinary Pharmacology
Session 39: Pharmacotherapy of Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater fish
Learning Tasks
By
the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define monogenean trematodes in freshwater fish
List signs and symptoms of monogenean trematodes in freshwater fish
Describe pharmacological treatment of monogenean trematodes in freshwater fish
Describe control and prevention of monogenean trematodes in freshwater fish
Activity: Buzzing
What
is Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater fish?
Definition of Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater Fish
Monogenean
trematodes
, also called flatworms or flukes, commonly invade the gills, skin, and fins of fish
They have a direct life cycle and are host and site-specific
Gyrodactylus
and
Dactylogyrus
are the two most common genera of monogeneans that infect freshwater fish
Signs and Symptoms of Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater fish
Freshwater
fish infested with skin-inhabiting flukes become lethargic, swim near the surface, seek the sides of the pool or pond, and their appetite dwindles
Areas of attachment show scale loss and may ooze a pinkish fluid, swollen and pale gills,
Respiration rate may be increased, and fish will be less tolerant of low oxygen conditions with piping and gulping air at the water surface
High mortality may occur if large numbers (>10 organisms per low power field) of
monogeneans
infest the skin or gills
Secondary infection by bacteria and fungus is common on tissue with
monogenean
damage
Activity:
Brainstorming
•What
are the pharmacological treatment and preventive measures for Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater fish?
Pharmacological Treatment and Prevention of Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater fish
Bath
or dip of organophosphorus compounds like ‘Dipterex’, ‘Trichlorofon’ are used
In permanent bath 0.25 – 0.5 ppm (0.1 ppm in
cold-water
ponds) Dip 1%, 2- 3 minutes
For Gyrodactylus
Benzalkonium chloride, 2 ppm for an hour, q 24 h for 3 days
Use 0.5 ppm at temperatures over 270C (rapid breakdown in warm water
)
Pharmacological Treatment and Prevention of Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater fish
Alternative
Formalin
Potassium permanganate
Prevention
Proper
sanitation
A control method include emptying , drying, and disinfecting tanks or ponds before restocking the fishes
Key Points
There
are four types of drug receptors
Prolonged use of drugs can result into up or down regulation of receptors
Drug receptor- interaction exhibit specific properties
Evaluation
What
is Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater fish?
What are the common signs and symptoms of Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater fish?
What is the pharmacological treatment of Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater fish?
What are the control measures against Monogenean Trematodes in Freshwater fish
References
Riviere
J. E.,
Papich
M. G. (2009).
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
(9
th
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Hsu
W. H. (2008).
Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology
(1
st
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Kuafmann
J, (1996).
Parasitic infections of domestic animals
, (2
nd
ed
).Berlin,
Birkhäuser
Verlag
Press
Hoare
E. W. (2013).
A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology
(2
nd
ed
),New
York, Forgotten Books
Press
Maddison
. J. (
ed
) (2008).
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
, (2nd
ed
). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited
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