Pharmacotherapy of Chlamydiosis and Avian Campylobacteriosis in Poultry
PST 06107
Basic Veterinary Pharmacology
Session 17: Pharmacotherapy of Chlamydiosis and Avian Campylobacteriosis in
Poultry
Learning Tasks
By
the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define Avian
Campylobacterisosis
and Chlamydiosis in Poultry
List signs and symptoms of Avian Campylobacteriosis and Chlamydiosis in Poultry
Describe pharmacological treatment of Avian Campylobacteriosis and Chlamydiosis in Poultry
Describe Control and Prevention of Avian Campylobacteriosis and Chlamydiosis in Poultry
Activity: Buzzing
What is Chlamydiosis in Poultry
?
Definition of Chlamydiosis in Poultry
Chlamydiosis is subclinical, acute, subacute, or chronic disease of wild and domestic birds characterized by systemic, respiratory or digestive signs and lesions.
It is caused by
Chlamydia psittaci
, an obligate intracellular bacterium.
Respiratory discharges or feces are infective air borne particles and dusts may harbor the organism.
The organism is excreted via secretions or excretions and transmitted through inhalation.
Recovered birds remain carriers
.
Signs
and Symptoms of Chlamydiosis in Poultry
Nasal
and ocular discharges, conjunctivitis, sinusitis, green to yellow-green droppings, inactivity, ruffled feathers, weakness,
inappetence
, and reduced feed consumption & weight loss can be seen in clinically affected birds
Air
sacculitis
, pericarditis,
periohepatitis
, and peritonitis with
serofibrinous
exudates
and hepatosplenomegaly
are common in acute cases
In chronic cases enlarged spleen or an enlarged, discolored liver, or both occur
Enlarged spleen and enlarged,
discolored
liver in Chlamydiosis
Pharmacological treatment of Chlamydiosis in Poultry
First
line
Alternative
Flumequine
diluted 1:1500-2000 in drinking water for 3-5 days
Note: Extended treatment for 2-6 weeks if
needed
Activity:
Brainstorming
What are the prevention and control measures for Chlamydiosis?
Prevention
and Control of Chlamydiosis in Poultry
No
effective vaccine for use in birds is available
Appropriate biosecurity practices are necessary to control the introduction and spread of
chlamydiae
in an avian population which include;
Quarantine and examination of all new birds
Prevention of exposure to wild birds
traffic control to minimize cross-contamination,
isolation and treatment of affected and contact birds,
thorough cleaning and disinfection of premises and equipment (preferably with small units managed on an all-in/all-out basis),
provision of uncontaminated feed,
maintenance of records on all bird movements,
Continual monitoring for presence of chlamydial infection.
Key Points
Avian
chlamydiosis
can be an
inapparent
subclinical infection or acute, subacute, or chronic disease of wild and domestic birds characterized by respiratory, digestive, or systemic infection caused by
Chlamydia
psittaci
Treatment prevents mortality and shedding but cannot be relied on to eliminate latent infection; shedding may recur.
Tetracyclines
(chlortetracycline,
oxytetracycline
, doxycycline) are the antibiotics of choice
Evaluation
What
is Chlamydiosis?
What are the common signs and symptoms Chlamydiosis?
What is the pharmacological treatment of Chlamydiosis?
What are the control measures against Chlamydiosis?
References
Riviere
J. E.,
Papich
M. G. (2009).
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
(9
th
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Hsu
W. H. (2008).
Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology
(1
st
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Kuafmann
J, (1996).
Parasitic infections of domestic animals
, (2
nd
ed
).Berlin,
Birkhäuser
Verlag
Press
Hoare
E. W. (2013).
A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology
(2
nd
ed
),New
York, Forgotten Books
Press
Maddison
. J. (
ed
) (2008).
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
, (2nd
ed
). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited
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