Pharmacotherapy of Tetanus and Rift Valley Fever in Cattle and Goat
PST 06107
Basic Veterinary Pharmacology
Session 12: Pharmacotherapy of Tetanus and Rift Valley Fever in Cattle and Goat
Learning
Tasks
By
the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define Tetanus and Rift Valley Fever in Cattle and Goat
List signs and symptoms of Tetanus and Rift Valley Fever in Cattle and Goat
Describe pharmacological treatment of Tetanus and Rift Valley Fever in Cattle and Goat
Describe Control and Prevention of Tetanus and Rift Valley Fever in Cattle and Goat
Activity: Buzzing
What
is Tetanus in Cattle? ?
Definition of Tetanus in Cattle and Goat
Tetanus toxemia is caused by a specific neurotoxin produced by
Clostridium
tetani
growing in necrotic tissue.
Almost all mammals are susceptible to this disease.
Signs
and Symptoms of Tetanus in Cattle and Goat
The
signs progress from stiff gait,
prolapse
of the third eyelid, and trismus (lockjaw) extending to the head, neck and all four
extremities,
and the tail.
Other signs include;
Exaggerated response external stimuli,
Erection of the ears
Drooling of saliva
As the disease progresses, titanic convulsions accompanied by
opisthotonos
occur following external stimuli
Pharmacological Treatment of Tetanus in Cattle and Goat
If
signs are detected very early and the disease is not too severe, treatment can be successful
Cattle with early tetanus respond to treatment better than most other livestock
Antitoxin is of very little use unless given in the very early states of infection
In some cases sedatives and relaxants aid recovery.
It is not worth treating cattle with fully developed tetanus
Activity:
Brainstorming
What are the preventive measures for Tetanus in Cattle and Goat?
Prevention and Control of Tetanus in Cattle and Goat
Vaccines
are available to protect against tetanus (can last as long as three years if given in correct doses at the correct times)
Good hygiene is needed especially during and following operations such as castrations and calving.
The spread of the disease can be reduced by ensuring that all surgical equipment are
sterilized
and the operation is undertaken in a clean area
Barbed wire which has rusted should be replaced as these can also act as a source of infection and any open wounds cleaned
immediately
REFER
Students to Handout 12.1: For pharmacotherapy of Rift Valley Fever in Cattle and Goat Pharmacotherapy of rift Valley Fever in Cattle and Goat
Key Points
Tetanus
is a fairly common disease occurring in all types of livestock
Tetanus is caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium
tetani
Stiffness and reluctance to move are normally the first signs
Cattle with early tetanus probably respond to treatment better than most other livestock.
Antitoxin is of very little use unless given in the very early states of infection.
Undertaking surgical procedures (such as castration) properly, in a clean environment, with disinfected instruments and surgical area, significantly reduces the risk of tetanus
Evaluation
What
is Tetanus?
What are the common signs and symptoms of Tetanus in Cattle?
What is the pharmacological treatment for tetanus in Cattle?
What are the control measures against Tetanus in Cattle?
References
Riviere
J. E.,
Papich
M. G. (2009).
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
(9
th
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Hsu
W. H. (2008).
Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology
(1
st
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Kuafmann
J, (1996).
Parasitic infections of domestic animals
, (2
nd
ed
).Berlin,
Birkhäuser
Verlag
Press
Hoare
E. W. (2013).
A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology
(2
nd
ed
),New
York, Forgotten Books
Press
Maddison
. J. (
ed
) (2008).
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
, (2nd
ed
). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited
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