Morphology of the Flower
Session 8: Morphology of the Flower
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |20 minutes |Buzzing |Introduction to Flowers |
| | |Presentation | |
|3 |40 minutes |Presentation |Structure of the Flower |
|4 |45 minutes |Presentation |Classification of Flowers |
|5 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
|6 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Introduction to Flowers (20 minutes)
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What is a flower? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not|
|mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
multiple of three
o Dioecious plants
plants
o Monoecious plants
plant
o Polygamous plants
same plant
o Flowers help in pollination process by insects, wind, birds, mammals
or by water
fragrance and produce nectar
fragrance, and non- sticky pollens
or yellow colours, and with no fragrance
fruity smell and open at night
water
STEP 3: Structure of the Flower (40 minutes)
o Peduncle –the flower stalk
o Receptacle –bears the floral organs
o Calyx –made up of sepals (to protect young flower bud)
o Corolla –made up of petals (often colourful)
o Perianth –formed from sepals and petals together
o Stamen –male reproductive structures of the flower
o Pollen -Grains containing the male gametes
o Pistil –female part of the flower
o Carpel –A unit of compound pistil or ovary
o Ovule –bears the female gametes, located in the ovaries
o Gynoecium –one or more pistils (carpel, ovary, ovules, female gametes)
o Androecium –one or two whorls of stamens (filament, anther, pollen
grains, male gametes)
STEP 4: Classification of Flowers (45 minutes)
o Based on presence of male, or female or both reproductive structures
structures
o Based on presence or absence of any structure
o Based on the number of flowers
o Compound flowers or Inflorescence
o Inflorescence are subsequently classified based on pattern of
arrangement into;
o Raceme (or racemose)
o Spadix
o Spike
o Corymb
o Umbel
o Head
o Based on flora variations
on the receptacle into;
o Sepals, petals, and stamens are attached to a convex or
conical receptacle at the base of the ovary
o The ovary is called superior and the perianth
is inferior or hypogynous
o Sepals, petals, and sometimes stamens borne on the edge or
margin of the receptacle and appear to form a cup around
the pistil
o Sepals, petals, and stamens appear to arise from the top
of the ovary
o The ovary is inferior and the perianth is superior or
epigynous
o Based on floral symmetry
longitudinal plane through the axis
halves
any plane
STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes)
to occur
STEP 6: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Trease, G. E., Evans, W. C., & Evans, D. (2009). Trease and Evans
pharmacognosy. London: Saunders.
Joanne Barnes et al (2002), Herbal medicines 3rd Edition: Pharmaceutical
Press
Wallis, T. E. (2005). Textbook of pharmacognosy. New Delhi: CBS.
Robbers, J. E., Speedie, M. K., Tyler, V. E., & Tyler, V. E. (1996).
Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore: Williams &
Wilkins.
Heinrich, M., Kinghorn, A. D., Maizels, D., Gibbons, S., & Phillipson, J.
Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
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