Introduction to Pharmacognosy
Session 1: Introduction to Pharmacognosy
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
| |minutes | | |
|2 |15 |Presentation |Definition and Meaning of |
| |minutes | |Pharmacognosy |
|3 |20 |Presentation |Common Terminologies Applied |
| |minutes | |in Pharmacognosy |
|4 |20 |Brainstorming |Uses of Natural Products |
| |minutes |Presentation | |
|5 |40 |Presentation |Brief History of |
| |minutes |Take home assignment |Pharmacognosy |
|6 |05 |Presentation |Key Points |
| |minutes | | |
|7 |05 |Presentation |Evaluation |
| |minutes | | |
|8 |10minutes|Presentation |Assigment |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Definition and Meaning of Pharmacognosy (15 minutes)
(or unprepared form) in substances obtained originally from natural
sources mainly plant, animal and minerals
o "Pharmakon", meaning a drug or medicine and
o "gignosco" meaning to acquire a knowledge of
sensory characters of crude drug obtained from plant, animal and mineral
sources.
pharmacognosy e.g. natural fibres, flavouring and suspending agents,
colorants, disintegrants, stabilizers, filtering and supporting media
poisonous, hallucinogenic plants, allergens, herbicides, insecticides and
molluscicides
STEP 3: Common Terminologies Applied in Pharmacognosy (20 minutes)
o Is a natural or synthetic substance used in the treatment, cure,
prevention, or diagnosis of disease or used to otherwise enhance
physical or mental wellbeing
o Drugs should be included in the official pharmacopoeia
o Are harvested (i.e. dried) plant or animal sources which
pharmaceutically or medicinally useful products, and before they
undergo extensive processing or modification
o A crude drug can be
gland or other organ of an anima
o An isolated pure compound
o Sources of Crude Drugs:
o It is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living
organism found in nature that usually has a pharmacological or
biological activity for use in pharmaceutical drug discovery and
drug design.
o Is the study of the relationship between people and plants, field
includes studying plants as medicines, alternative methods for healing,
as wild foods, as agricultural crops; modes of transportation; as
clothing and in the religious ceremonies.
o Ethnopharmacology is the scientific study correlating ethnic groups,
their health, and how it relates to their physical habits and
methodology in creating and using medicines
STEP 4: Uses of Natural Products (20 minutes)
|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |
| |
|Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: |
| |
|What are the uses of natural products? |
| |
|ALLOW few students to respond |
| |
|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |
morphine, atropine, digoxin, hormones, antibiotics
emulsifying agents, suppository bases, binders, sweetening and colouring
agents
laboratories & biotechnology.
and in perfumery.
STEP 5: Brief History of Pharmacognosy (50 minutes)
which originates in the health-related activities of the most primitive
race of the remote past
history of natural products in medicine
following ways
o By guesswork or trial and error while searching food.
o By superficial resemblance between plant parts and affected
organs.
o By accidental discovery.
o The Ancient Egyptian Period
o The Babylonians
o Old Indian medicine
o The old Chinese medicine
o The Greek and Romans
o The Arabic Era
o The 18th Century Pharmacognosists
o The 19th Century Pharmacognosy
o The 20th Century Pharmacognosy
STEP 6: Key Points (5 minutes)
(or unprepared form) in substances obtained originally from natural
sources mainly plant, animal and minerals
trial and error while searching for food, by superficial resemblance
between plant parts and affected organs and by accidental discovery
STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)
century?
STEP 8: Assignment (10 minutes)
|Activity: Take home Assignment (10 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students in groups or individual. |
| |
|ASK the students to work on the following assignment |
| |
|List sources and uses of active principals from minerals |
| |
|ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignment and submit |
| |
|REFER students to recommended references |
References
Trease, G. E., Evans, W. C., & Evans, D. (2009). Trease and Evans
pharmacognosy. London: Saunders.
Joanne Barnes et al (2002), Herbal medicines 3rd Edition: Pharmaceutical
Press
Wallis, T. E. (2005). Textbook of pharmacognosy. New Delhi: CBS.
Robbers, J. E., Speedie, M. K., Tyler, V. E., & Tyler, V. E. (1996).
Pharmacognosy and pharmacobiotechnology. Baltimore: Williams &
Wilkins.
Heinrich, M., Kinghorn, A. D., Maizels, D., Gibbons, S., & Phillipson, J.
Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
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