Urinary Tract Infection and E-coli associated Diarrheal
Session 20: Urinary Tract Infection and E-coli associated Diarrheal
Diseases
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Pre-requisites
Students Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Diseases (causative agents, transmission, signs and symptoms)
and E-coli associated Diarrheal Diseases
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |5 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 | 30 minutes|Presentation |Cause of Urinary Tract Infection |
|3 | |Small group |Signs and Symptoms of Urinary |
| |20 minutes |discussion/ |Tract Infection |
| | |Presentation | |
|4 |20 minutes |Presentation |Treatment, Prevention and Control |
| | | |of Urinary Tract Infection |
|5 |30 minutes |Presentation |E.coli associated Diarrheal |
| | | |Diseases |
|6 |10 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
| 7|5 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Cause of Urinary Tract Infection (30 minutes)
urinary tract.
infections, which involve the kidneys (pyelonephritis) and lower tract
infections, which involve the bladder (cystitis), urethra (urethritis)
and prostate (prostatitis)
accounts for approximately 90% of first urinary tract infections in
young women
o Is usually considered to be cystitis or pyelonephritis that occurs
in premenopausal adult women with no structural or functional
abnormality of the urinary tract and who are not pregnant and have
no significant comorbidity that could lead to more serious
outcomes
o In men, most UTIs occur in children or elderly patients, are due
to anatomic abnormalities or instrumentation, and are considered
complicated.
o Occurs both in male and female following underlying cause such as
structural or functional abnormality in the urinary tract,
comorbidity, recent instrumentation or surgery of the urinary
tract
spermicide use, broad spectrum antibiotic use and new sex partner
within the past year.
STEP 3: Signs and Symptoms of Urinary Tract Infection (20 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion (10 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following; |
|Write down the signs and symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI) |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 10 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
o Urinary frequency
o Dysuria
o Hematuria
o Pyuria
o Flank pain/tenderness (associated with upper tract infection)
o Fever of 38°C or higher
o Tachypnoea, Tachycardia, Confusion and Hypotension
o Vomiting
STEP 4: Treatment, Prevention and Control of Urinary Tract Infection (20
minutes)
o Adequate hydration
o Antibiotics
o Increasing fluid intake
o Avoiding spermicides and diaphragm use
o Not delaying urination
o Wiping front to back after defecation
o Avoiding douching
o Urinating immediately after sexual intercourse
STEP 5: E. coli associated Diarrhoeal Diseases (30 minutes)
properties and each group causes disease by a different mechanism
o Enteropathogenic E. coli are an important cause of diarrhea in
infants, especially in developing countries
o EPEC adhere to the mucosal cells of the small bowel and cause
lesions which result in diarrhoea
o The result of EPEC infection in infants is characterized by
severe, watery diarrhea, vomiting, and fever, which are usually
self-limited but can be prolonged or chronic
o The duration of the EPEC diarrhea can be shortened and the chronic
diarrhea cured by antibiotic treatment
o Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) are a common cause of “traveler’s
diarrhea” and a very important cause of diarrhea in children less
than 5 years of age in developing countries
o ETEC produce enterotoxins and Shiga-like toxins that are identical
to the Shiga toxin of Shigella dysenteriae
o Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) produce a disease very similar to
shigellosis.
o The disease occurs most commonly in children in developing
countries and in travelers to these countries.
o Similar to Shigella, EIEC strains are nonlactose or late lactose
fermenters and are nonmotile
o EIEC produce disease by invading intestinal mucosal epithelial
cells
o Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) causes acute and chronic diarrhea
(>14 days in duration) in persons in developing countries
o These organisms also are the cause of foodborne illnesses in
industrialized countries and have been associated with traveler’s
diarrhea and persistent diarrhea in patients with HIV
o They are characterized by their specific patterns of adherence to
human cells
replacement and prevented by personal hygiene practices
STEP 6: Key Points (10 minutes)
spermicide use, broad spectrum antibiotic use and new sex partner
within the past year
pharmacological approaches e.g. increased fluid intake
antibiotics and proper personal hygiene.
STEP 7: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Hugo and Russell (2011), Pharmaceutical Microbiology 8th Edition, Willey-
Blackwel publications
Karen C. Carroll et al (2013); Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical
Microbiology 26th Ed. McGraw Hill Co. Inc.
Greenwood et al (2012); Medical Microbiology, 18th edition Churchill
Livingstone
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