Description of Aminoglycoside Drugs – PST04211 Basic Pharmacology

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NTA Level 4 • Semester 2 • PST04211

Description of Aminoglycoside Drugs

Basic Pharmacology • Source Session/Topic 6
Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability.

Session 6: Description of Aminoglycoside Drugs

Total Session Time: 120 minutes

Prerequisites

• Session 3: General Classification of Essential Medicine

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• List indications of aminoglycosides
• List contraindications of aminoglycosides
• Describe dose, dosage and course of aminoglycosides
• List side effects and adverse effects of aminoglycosides
• Describe interactions and precautions of aminoglycosides

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape
• Black/white board and chalk/whiteboard markers

SESSION OVERVIEW

Activity/

Step Time Content

Method

1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning tasks

Presentation/

2 20 minutes Indications of Aminoglycosides

Buzzing

Presentation/

3 20 minutes Contraindications of Aminoglycosides

Brainstorming

4 30 minutes Presentation Dose, Dosage and Course of Aminoglycosides

Presentation/ Side Effects and Adverse Effects of

5 20 minutes

Brainstorming Aminoglycosides

Interactions and Precautions of

6 15 minutes Presentation

Aminoglycosides

7 05 minutes Presentation Key Points

8 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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SESSION CONTENTS

STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.

STEP 2: Indications of Aminoglycosides (20minutes)

Activity: Buzzing (5minutes)

ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following questions for 2 minutes

• What are the types of aminoglycosides?
• What are the indications of aminoglycosides?

ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs add on points not mentioned

WRITE their response on the flip chart/board

CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below

• The aminoglycosides include streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin,

tobramycin

• All aminoglycosides are bactericidal and active against some Gram-positive and many

Gram-negative organisms

• Amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin are also active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Streptomycin is active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is now almost entirely

reserved for tuberculosis

STEP 3: Contraindications of Aminoglycosides (20 minutes)

Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes)

Ask students to brainstorm on the following question:

• What are contraindications of aminoglycosides?

ALLOW few students to respond

WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board

CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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• The aminoglycosides are contraindicated in:

o Myasthenia gravis

o In patients with renal failure

o Hearing impairment

o Pregnancy

STEP 4: Dose, Dosage and Course of Aminoglycoside (30 minutes)

The following are the commonly dose, dosage and courses of common aminoglycosides

o Gentamycin

Multiple daily dose regimen, by intramuscular or by slow intravenous injection over

at least 3 minutes or by intravenous infusion, 3–5 mg/kg daily (in divided doses every

8 hours)

o Neomycin

Given by mouth, pre-operative bowel sterilisation, 1 g every hour for 4 hours, then 1 g
every 4 hours for 2–3 days, for Hepatic coma, up to 4 g daily in divided doses usually

for 5–7 days

o Amikacin

Given by intramuscular or by slow intravenous injection or by infusion, 15 mg/kg
daily in 2 divided doses, can be increased to 22.5 mg/kg daily in 3 divided doses in
severe infections; max. 1.5 g daily for up to 10 days (max. cumulative dose 15 g)

STEP 4: Side Effects and Adverse Effects of Aminoglycosides (20minutes)

Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes)

ASK students to brainstorm on the following question:

• What are the common side effects/ adverse effects of aminoglycosides?‖

ALLOW few learners to respond

WRITE their responses on the flipchart

SUMMARIZE the discussion by the following information

All aminoglycosides are ototoxic and nephrotoxic

• This is more likely to be encountered when therapy is continued for more than 5 days, at

higher doses, in the elderly, and in the setting of renal insufficiency)

• Neomycin, kanamycin, and amikacin are the most ototoxic agents
• Streptomycin and gentamicin are the most vestibulotoxic
• Neomycin, tobramycin, and gentamicin are the most nephrotoxic

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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STEP 5: Interactions and Precautions of Aminoglycosides (15minutes)

Interaction and precaution of the aminoglycosides

• Concurrent use with: loop diuretics eg, furosemide, ethacrynic acid
• Other nephrotoxic antimicrobial agents eg, vancomycin or amphotericin) potentiates

nephrotoxicity

• The above drugs should be avoided if possible when using aminoglycosides

Step 6: Key Points (5minutes)

• Commonly used Aminoglycosides are: streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, amikacin,

gentamicin, tobramycin

• Aminoglycosides are active against gram-negative enteric bacteria
• Aminoglycosides are contraindicated in myasthenia gravis, renal and hearing problems
• Aminoglycosides are mainly given by injection

STEP 7: Evaluation (5minutes)

• What are the indications of aminoglycoside drugs?
• What are the contraindications of aminoglycoside drugs?
• What are the common side effects of aminoglycoside drugs?

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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References

Ministry Of Health and Social Welfare. (2013). Standard Treatment Guidelines & National

Essential Medicines List Tanzania Mainland (4th ed.). Dar es salaam, Tanzania

government printers.

Robert, L. Talbert, Gary C. Yee, Gary R. Matzke, Barbara G. Wells, L. Michael. (2014).

Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach (9th ed.). New York, McGraw-Hill

Education.

Sally, S.R, Jeanne C.S. (2000). Introductory Clinical Pharmacology (6th ed) New York,

Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.

School of Pharmaceutical sciences. (2011). Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook (2nd ed.).

Dar es Salaam, ARDHI University press.

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. (2007). Martindale, the Extra

Pharmacopoeia (5TH ed). London, pharmaceutical press.

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. (2009). British National Formulary

(59th ed). London, BMJ Group and RPS Publishing.

PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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PST 04211 Basic Pharmacology NTA Level 4 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide

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