Reduction and Enlargement of the Official
Session 8: Reduction and Enlargement of the Official
Formula to Obtain Required Formula for Compounding
Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 1 hours of Assignment
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Ingredient Required for Compounding
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
Activity/
Step Time Content
Method
1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks
30 minutes Reduction and Enlarging of Appropriate
2 Presentation
Formula for Compounding
60 minutes Presentation Reduction and Enlarging of Official Formula to
3 Small group Determine Amount of Each Ingredient Required
discussion for Compounding
4 10 minutes Presentation Key Points
5 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation
6 10 minutes Presentation Assignment
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 40
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: Reduction and Enlarging of Official Formula (30 minutes)
of medicines (Prescribed/ordered) deviate from the official formula in a reference book.
o Obtaining the amount of each ingredient required for compounding, the figures of
the official formula are multiplied by a factor which is determined by the
following proportion:-
Total amount required x
i.e.
.
Total amount of official formula
Thus the factor is determined by the ratio:
Total amount required .
Total amount of official formula
Summary on obtaining the amount for each ingredient in the required amount (x):
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 41
STEP 3: Reduction and Enlarging of Official Formula (60 minutes)
To Determine Amount of Each Ingredient Required for Compounding
Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 60 minutes)
DIVIDE students in small manageable groups
ASK students to discuss in groups on the following questions
Chloride Mouth Wash BPC. 1973?
Carbonate mixture PCx. (Syn. Mistura Carminativa)?
REFER Students to Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook (2011): Chapter 2,
Formulary and list of alternatives for Pharmaceutical ingredients including water, for
reference
ALLOW students to discuss for 20 minutes
ALLOW each groups to present for 5 minutes
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below
o Sodium chloride …………………………………….. 1.5g
o Sodium bicarbonate …………………………………. 1.0g
o Water for preparation ………………………………. to 100.0mL
Thus:
Total amount of official formula
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 42
Then, amount of each ingredient can be obtained as summarized in table below,
Total amount of the official FACTOR total amount required
Mouth Wash BPC. 1973 are:
o Water for preparation …………………………….. to 40.0mL
Carminativa)
o Water for preparation ………………….…………… to 100.0mL
Thus:
Total amount of official formula
Then, amount of each ingredient can be obtained as summarized in table below,
Total amount of the official FACTOR total amount required
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 43
Carbonate mixture PCx,
o Water for preparation ………………….……………. to 20.0mL
STEP 4: Key Points (10 minutes)
of medicines (Prescribed/ordered) deviate from the official formula in a reference book.
obtaining by taking factor multiplying by each ingredient in the official formula
STEP 5: Evaluation (5 minutes)
STEP 6: Assignment (10 minutes)
Activity: Take home Assignment (10 minutes)
DIVIDE students in groups or individual.
ASK the students to work on the following assignment
and 2 of the worksheet 8.1.
ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignment and submit
REFER students to worksheet 8.1: Take Home Assignment
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 44
References
Senya, S. S., Mwasha, C. Y. S., Muyinga, A. M., Amiri, R. I., & Mauga, E. A. S. K. (2011).
Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook (2nd ed.). Dar es salaam: School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied
Health Sciences.
Stoklosa, M. J., & Ansel, H. C. (1996). Pharmaceutical calculations (10th ed.). Baltimore:
Williams & Wilkins.
Winfield A. J., & Rees J. A., Smith I. (2009). Pharmaceutical Practice (5th ed.). Churchill
Livingstone
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 45
Worksheet 8.1: Take Home Assignment
Take home Assignment
Practice Calculations of amounts required for compounding from the official formula in the
following exercise
Questions / Instructions
benzoate lotion.
2. From the following formula, calculate the quantities required to make 5 gallons of a
phenobarbital elixir.
Certified Red color ……………………………………………. q.s
3. From the following formula, calculate the quantities required to make 5 lb of hydrophilic
ointment.
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 46
4. From the following formula, calculate the quantity of each ingredient required to make
Calcium Carbonate ………………………………………… 5 parts
Magnesium Oxide …………………………………………. 1 part
Sodium Bicarbonate ……………………………………….. 4 parts
Bismuth Subcarbonate ……………………………………… 3 parts
5. A timed-release cold capsule contain the following ingredients. Calculate, in grams, the
amount of each ingredient required to manufacture 100,000 capsules.
6. From the following formula for oral electrolyte solution, calculate the amount of each
Sodium ………………………………………………….. 45 mEq
Potassium ……………………………………………….. 20 mEq
Chloride …………………………………………………. 35 mEq
Citrate …………………………………………………… 30 mEq
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 47
ANSWERS
Certified Red color ……………………………………………. q.s
6. Sodium ………………………………………………….. 10.8 mEq
Potassium …………………………………………………. 4.8 mEq
Chloride …………………………………………………. 8.4 mEq
Citrate …………………………………………………… 7.2 mEq
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 48
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 49
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