Procedures for Preparing Mixture of Solids in Solids
Session 14: Procedures for Preparing Mixture of Solids in
Solids
Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 10 hours of Practice
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
powders)
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
Activity/
Step Time Content
Method
1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks
40 minutes Presentation,
Procedure of Preparing Mixtures of Solids in
2 Small Group
Solids
Discussion
65 minutes Presentation
3 Preparation of Mixtures of Solids in Solids
Demonstration
4 05 minutes Presentation Key Points
5 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 98
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning objectives and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing.
STEP 2: procedure of preparing mixtures of solids in solids (40 minutes)
which a drug powder has normally been mixed with other powdered excipients to
produce a final product.
o Therefore Powders for oral Preparations are mixtures of finely divided solids
intended for oral administration and comprise of the active ingredients plus
excipients (such as diluents, sweeteners, and dispersing agents) where necessary.
o They are usually mixed with water or other suitable liquid before administration.
powders.
o Bulk oral powders, are usually contains multiple doses of non-potent
medicaments, such as antacids, where the accuracy by which the patient measures
the dose is not critical.
o Divided powders, are individually packaged powders for each separate dose, these
are for medications which accuracy of each dose is more required (i.e. potent).
Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes)
DIVIDE students into small manageable groups
ASK students to discuss on the following question
ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes
ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below
which shows an even composition throughout the whole preparation so as when any
sample from any part of the mixture is taken, should contain the different components in
the same proportions.
with the solid of the smallest quantity to which the other solids are added according to
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 99
increasing amount and at each addition an amount added should be approximately equal
to that in the mortar.
o The particle size of each solid should be reduced to fine powder by grinding them
in a mortar with a pestle, and if necessary the powder may be sifted.
o The amounts of each required ingredient are determined/calculated and accurately
weighed.
o After each addition trituration should be done for 3 to 5 minutes, followed by
scrapping.
o When the amount of active ingredient is very small, possible pores in the mortar
are first closed by triturating a little amount of diluent in the mortar before starting
with the medicament. This applies frequently in the preparation of divided
powders for internal use.
o For divided powders weigh each dose and pack in a suitable package likewise to
bulk powders, label and the preparation is ready for dispensing.
STEP 3: Preparation of mixtures of solids in solids (65 minutes)
Activity: Demonstration (60 minutes)
DIVIDE students in small manageable groups.
PREPARE equipment and materials needed for demonstration
POSITION students so that everyone can see and hear
REVIEW steps of powder preparation with students
REFER students to the general procedures of preparing ORAL REHYDRATION
SALTS (ORS), recommended by WHO. (TPH)
DEMONSTRATE the procedure of preparing ORS
ALLOW one student from each group to do a return demonstration and let others comment on it
CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below
INFORM the students that “every student will practice in the skills laboratory under supervision
until is competent”
not available, alternatively a paper/metal foil bag may be used.
box or paper bag.
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 100
parchment papers.
STEP 4: Key Points (5 minutes)
o Reduction of particle size of solids.
o Calculate the amount of each required ingredient and accurately weighed.
o For divided powders weigh each dose and pack in a suitable package likewise to
bulk powders, label and the preparation is ready for dispensing.
STEP 5: Evaluation (5 minutes)
STEP 6: Practices in the Compounding Laboratory (10 hours)
supervision on the following.
• ATROPINE DIVEDED POWDERS TPH
• CHLORAMPHENICOL DIVEDED POWDERS PCX
• EPHEDRINE DIVEDED POWDERS PCX
Refer students to Worksheet 14.1: Practice on Compounding of Oral Powders.
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 101
References
Senya, S. S., Mwasha, C. Y. S., Muyinga, A. M., Amiri, R. I., & Mauga, E. A. S. K. (2011).
Tanzania Pharmaceutical Handbook (2nd ed.). Dar es salaam: School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Institute of Allied Health Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied
Health Sciences..
Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain., & Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (1994). The Pharmaceutical Podex, Principles and Practice
of Pharmaceutics (W. Lund Ed. 12th ed.). London,: Pharmaceutical P.
Langley, C. A., & Belcher, D. (2008). Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing. London:
Pharmaceutical Press.
Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. (2007). Martindale : the complete drug reference
(S. C. Sweetman Ed. 35th ed.). London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 102
Worksheet 14.1: Practice on Compounding of Oral Powders
Instructions: Under facilitator‟s supervision students in small manageable groups should
practice on preparing the following powder preparations, pack and label them ready for
dispensing.
The official formula for each preparations are obtained in Tanzania Pharmaceutical
Handbook (TPH), other Compendia may be used for more references
After compounding students will write a report on each preparation showing clearly the
official formula, all calculations performed, methods used for preparation, container used to
pack, use of each ingredient, and labels in English and in Kiswahili languages.
NOTE: For the preparations to be dispensed to patients should be attached with Swahili label
and preparations for Hospital or Laboratory use should be attached with English label
Questions / Instructions
1. Prepare and dispense COMPOUND MAGNESIUM CARBONATE POWDER PCx,
2. Prepare and dispense COMPOUND CALCIUM CARBONATE POWDER PCx, Sign: 2
3. Prepare Electrolyte Powder, send 2 powders for Baraka ag; 8/12. N.B: use formula
×2/7
Compounding Laboratory.
6. Prepare and dispense ORAL REHYDRATING SALT (ORS), send 2 powders for Tatu.
N.B: use master formula for 1 litre.
Session X: ———— -(Title)———————- 103
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