Structure and Functions of the Urinary System
Session 30: Structure and Functions of the Urinary System
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 | |Presentation |Definition and Type of Structures of|
| |25 minutes |Brainstorming |the Urinary System |
|3 | |Presentation |Structures of the Urinary System |
| |50minutes | | |
|4 |30 minutes |Presentation |Functions of the Structures of the |
| | |Buzzing |Urinary System |
|5 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
| 6 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Definition of the Urinary System (25 minutes)
|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |
| |
|Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: |
| |
|What is urinary system? |
|What are the structures of urinary system? |
| |
|ALLOW few students to respond |
| |
|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |
Urinary system: is the system which regulates the content of blood plasma
to maintain the homeostasis of the internal fluid environment within normal
limits (control the composition of blood and blood volume)
toxic
o Kidneys
o Ureters
o Urinary bladder,
o Urethra
STEP 3: Structures of the Urinary System (50 minutes)
The kidneys
column, behind the peritoneum
covered by a fibrous connective tissue membrane called the renal
fascia, which helps hold the kidneys in place
emerge
renal corpuscles and convoluted tubules
of henle and collecting tubules
pyramids.
the kidney at the hilus
the papillae of the renal pyramids
renal pelvis and out into the ureter
Nephron
o Nephron is the structure and function unit of the kidney
o It is well associated with the blood vessels and the urine is formed
there
o Each nephron has two major portions: a renal corpuscle and a renal
tubule
Renal corpuscle
afferent arteriole and empties into an efferent arteriole.
the afferent arteriole, which helps maintain a fairly high blood
pressure in the glomerulus.
Bowman’s capsule
glomerulus.
eventually become the urine
The renal tubule
o Continues from Bowman’s capsule and consists of the proximal convoluted
tubule (in the renal cortex), loop of Henle (in the renal medulla), and
distal convoluted tubule (in the renal cortex).
o The distal convoluted tubules from several nephrons empty into a
collecting tubule.
o Several collecting tubules then unite to form a papillary duct that
empties urine into a calyx of the renal pelvis.
[pic]
Source: F.A.Davis (2007).
Figure
30.1: Structure of the kidney
o Blood flow and urine formation
o Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery and flows
downstream to afferent arterioles and emerge through efferent
arterioles, flowing to upper stream to renal veins, and finally to
inferior vena cava
o The formation of urine involves three major processes
corpuscles and
which take place in the renal tubules.
o Accessory organs of the urinary system
o The ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra are responsible for the
periodic elimination of urine and do not change the composition or
amount of urine.
o Ureter
posterior side of the urinary bladder
peristaltic waves to propel urine toward the urinary bladder.
ends of the ureters to prevent backflow of urine.
o Urinary bladder
pubic bones.
the bladder is superior to the prostate gland.
contracts to eliminate urine.
permits expansion without tearing the lining.
detrusor, which helps contractions
o Urethra
anterior to the vagina
by prostate gland and the second passes through the cavernous
tissue of the penis
Source: F.A.Davis (2007). Figure 30.2: Structure of
the nephron
STEP 4: Functions of the Structures of the Urinary System (30 minutes)
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK students to pair up and buzz on the following question for 2 |
|minutes |
| |
|What are the functions of the structures of the urinary system? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let other pairs to add on points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the content below |
o Functions of the kidney
o Filtering of blood
volume of filtrate is produced
with useful molecules and ions
ions remain in the filtrates and the result is the formation of urine
o Regulation of blood pressure
in the body
o Regulation of blood volume
volume in the body by producing either large volume of dilute urine or
small volume of concentrated urine
o Regulation of the plasma electrolytes;
o Regulation of the pH of the blood;
HCO3- to buffer H+
o Synthesis of Vitamin D;
active form of vitamin D
o Production of Red blood cells
o Excretion of waste products and foreign substances
o Function of the Ureter
o Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. Muscles in the ureter
walls continually tighten and relax forcing urine down this tube
o Functions of the urinary bladder
o The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine,
o The bladder's walls contract and flatten to empty urine through the
urethra.
o Functions of the Urethra
o Squeezes urine out of the bladder.
STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes)
plasma to maintain the homeostasis of the internal fluid environment
within normal limits (control the composition of blood and blood
volume)
o Ureters,
o Urinary bladder,
o Urethra
o Remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine
o Keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood
o Produce erythropoietin, a hormone that helps your body make red blood
cells
o Carries urine from the kidney to the bladder. Muscles in the ureter
walls continually
tighten and relax forcing urine down this tube
o Functions of the urinary bladder
o The bladder's walls relax and expand to store urine,
o The bladder's walls contract and flatten to empty urine through the
urethra.
o Functions of the Urethra
o Squeezes urine out of the bladder
STEP 6: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Seeley, R. R., Stephens, T. D., &Tate, P. (2003). Anatomy and Physiology.
New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Shier, A., Butler, J., & Lewis, R. (2004). Hole’s Human Anatomy &
Physiology. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Standring, S. (2008). Grays’s Anatomy The anatomical basis of clinical
practice. United
Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone Elservier.
Thibodeau, G. A., & Patton, K. T. (1999). Anatomy & Physiology. Saint
Louis: Mosby, Von
Hoffman Press, Inc.
Waugh, A., & Grant, A. (2006). Ross and Willson Anatomy and physiology in
Health and
illness. United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone Elservier.
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