Presentation of Poultry production

Presentation of Poultry production Introduction to Poultry Production

Chapter Overview

Chapter Overview LIST OF CONTENTS  Introduction  What is Poultry?  Domestication of Poultry  Importance of poultry Production  Preference of poultry over Livestock  Achievements and Strength of Poultry Industry  Types of Poultry Birds

 Taxonomy of the domestic fowl(Chicken)

 Taxonomy of the domestic fowl(Chicken)  Classification of Chicken Breeds  Nomenclature of poultry Breeds  Breeds of chicken  Poultry Reproductive Structure Male reproductive system Female reproductive system Egg Structure

Introduction

Introduction Nearly all rural and peri-urban/urban families in the developing world keep a flock of poultry, either in a free-range system or in a small scale confined system. The birds are mainly chickens. In free-range systems, birds are traditionally owned and managed mostly by women and children.

The poultry and their products are used for home consumption, as gifts, or for religious purposes.

The poultry and their products are used for home consumption, as gifts, or for religious purposes. Additionally they are sold to earn some income to buy household food items, such as sugar and salt as well as school provisions for their children.

What is poultry?

What is poultry? Poultry is a common term and it indicates all the domesticated birds which are reared for production of eggs and meat for the economic benefits of human beings. Poultry refers to a group of domesticated birds kept for food (meat and/or eggs), fiber (feathers), entertainment (racing, exhibition, hunting, etc.) or work (messenger pigeons).

Origin and Domestication of Poultry

Origin and Domestication of Poultry The wild or red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus) is the primary ancestor of domestic. Red Jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) was the chief ancestor of the domestic fowl. Domestic fowl are believed to have been domesticated in Asia around 2500 BC. Geese in Egypt 1500 BC. Turkey in Mexico 2500 BC Ducks in China 2500 BC.

The ancestors of poultry: Red Jungle fowl

The ancestors of poultry: Red Jungle fowl

Advantages of poultry keeping

Advantages of poultry keeping Essential food items (meat/egg) Income throughout the year Quick turn-over of capital High feed efficiency spreading income throughout the year Poultry products are cheap and affordable Poultry meat is easy digestable.

Poultry also gives useful by-product like feathers and droppings (manure)

There is excellent product acceptance with respect to social and religious traditions, in other words no strong taboo against the eating of poultry product, thereby ensuring ready market for the products. Poultry also gives useful by-product like feathers and droppings (manure) Part time as well as full time occupation Can be managed by Ladies and Children

Disadvantages of poultry keeping

Disadvantages of poultry keeping They can only utilize high quality concentrate feeds. These are also use as feed for human making them to be in direct competition with man. They are highly susceptible to extreme weather conditions and diseases.

Preference of Poultry over Livestock

Preference of Poultry over Livestock Poultry meat and egg are high quality animal protein sources. Eggs are the most nutritive and have the best amino acid profile known to man. Size of bird is smaller than other larger animals. Less land is required due to less space requirement per bird. Birds have shorter maturity period(5-6 months). High prolificacy -one layer breeder produces at least 240 chicks in one year.

Shorter generation interval Balanced feed for birds can be easily managed.

Poultry is quick and efficient converter of inputs into out puts.

Poultry is quick and efficient converter of inputs into out puts. Birds have the best feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency. Chicken are the most efficient converters of feed into meat and egg. It hardly requires 1.6 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of body weight and in case of eggs it requires 1.4 kg of feed to produce 12 eggs or 2.0 kg of feed to produce 1 kg of eggs

Incubation period of chicken is shorter (21 days) while large animals have long gestation period.

Dressing percentage is more in poultry as compared to large animals.

Dressing percentage is more in poultry as compared to large animals. Poultry: 72-75%; Beef: 50-55% and Sheep & Goat: 40-48%. DP = (Carcass Weight / Live Weight) x 100 12. Several crop by-products and agricultural wastes are used in poultry feeding.

ACHIEVEMENTS OF POULTRY INDUSTRY

ACHIEVEMENTS OF POULTRY INDUSTRY High consumer acceptance of eggs and Broiler meat Improved Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), quality control, upgraded management. Advances in new feed milling technologies Purchase of feed raw materials and supply of better quality materials Better breeding stocks with assured price Rationalized pricing of breeder and commercial stocks.

Availability of feed additives viz. enzyme, probiotics, prebiotics etc.

Availability of feed additives viz. enzyme, probiotics, prebiotics etc. Distribution of feed units in all regions Increase in percentage of processed foods Effective and fast transport system of raw and finished products Marketing of branded eggs Advancement in disease diagnosis and screening procedures

Factors reponsible for the development of poultry production Industry:

Factors reponsible for the development of poultry production Industry: Improvement in genetic potentiality and productivity of hybrid layers and broilers – 60 per cent of the increase in production of egg and meat Hybrid layers of today – lay on an average of 310 eggs per year compared to 240-250 eggs 30 years back.