PST06211 Monitoring and Evaluation of Medicine Use – Complete Full Notes
NTA Level 6 • Semester 2 • PST06211 Monitoring and Evaluation of Medicine Use – Complete Full Notes Complete educational source text in one page Completeness safeguard: this page keeps the complete educational module/source wording in one place so learning material is not lost when browsing topic by topic. Presenter/tutor metadata is intentionally excluded. UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children PST 06211 MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF MEDICINE USE NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide March 2019 NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide i Copyright © Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children – 2019 PST 06211 Monitoring and Evaluation of Medicines Use NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide i Table of Contents Background …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii Acknowledgment ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. v Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. vii Abbreviations ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ix Session 1: Introduction to Monitoring and Evaluation …………………………………………………………. 1 Session 3: Assessing Monitoring and Evaluation of PharmaceuticalsServices ……………………… 19 Session 4: Performance Indicators for Monitoring and Evaluation ……………………………………… 31 Session 5: Factors Hindering Monitoring and Evaluation of Medicines Use …………………………. 42 Session 6: Indicators in Monitoring and Evaluation Medicines Use ……………………………………. 47 Session 7: Tools for Monitoring and Evaluation of Medicine Use ………………………………………. 54 Session 8: The Concept of Pharmacovigillance: ……………………………………………………………….. 62 Session 9: Pharmacovigillance Methods ………………………………………………………………………….. 69 Session 10: Documentation of Pharmacovigillance Data ……………………………………………………. 78 Session 11: Reporting Pharmacovigillance Data ………………………………………………………………. 84 Session 12: Introduction to Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) …………………………………………….. 91 Session 13: Documentation of ADRs ………………………………………………………………………………. 97 Session 14: Reporting of ADRs …………………………………………………………………………………….. 103 Session 15: Substandard and Counterfeit Medicines ………………………………………………………… 112 Session 16: Detection of Substandard and Counterfeit Medicines ……………………………………… 121 Session 17: Controlling Substandard and Counterfeit Medicines ………………………………………. 131 Session 18: Distribution of Substandard and Counterfeit Medicines ………………………………….. 139 PST 06211 Monitoring and Evaluation of Medicines Use NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide ii Background There is currently an ever-increasing demand for pharmaceutical personnel in Tanzania. This is due to expanding investment in public and private pharmaceutical sector. Shortage of trained pharmaceutical human resource contributes to poor quality of pharmaceutical services and low access to medicines in the country (GIZ, 2012). Through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) the Pharmacy Council (PC) together with Development Partners (DPs) in Germany and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs) worked together to address the shortage of human resource for pharmacy by designing a project named ―Supporting Training Institutions for Improved Pharmaceutical Services in Tanzania‖ in order to improve quality and capacity of PTIs in training. CSSC prepared a Multi-actor Partnership (MAP) project proposal on how to sustain and strengthen health care in Tanzania through improvement of pharmaceutical training and an inter- institutional coordination of actors. This will harmonize and improve access to quality pharmaceutical service in Tanzania. The project has a various key stakeholders like; CSSC, NACTE, PC, TCU, CEDHA and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs). Through this project, few PTIs will receive infrastructural improvements to increase the quantitative and qualitative capacities (CUHAS, RUCU and KSP). Furthermore this project will train Pharmaceutical tutors from different PTIs on teaching and assessment methods in Tanzania and thus improved health delivery through increased qualified human resource. It was also observed that in the previous stakeholder‘s meetings there was a need for the development of training manuals and assessment plans for NTA Level 5 & 6, in order to support the establishment and implementation of the curriculum in PTIs. During MAP kick-off workshop done in February 2018, Stakeholders agreed that there was a need for development of the said manuals and it was among the highest priority in Pharmacy education in Tanzania. Therefore this project aims at developing facilitator‘s guide and assessment plans for NTA Level 5 & 6. Pharmacy Council, CSSC and action medeor developed the Terms of Reference and selected a qualified service provider with experience in material development to develop the mentioned training manuals and assessment plan. Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) was selected and offered a contract to develop Facilitators guide for NTA level 5 & 6 and assessment plan. Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) was offered a leading role with the instructions to include experts who have developed teaching materials for NTA Level 4. These experts are primarily experienced pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical tutors. The mode of operation used by CEDHA to develop facilitator‘s guide and assessment plan was participatory approach which included a number of activities through various workshops such as PST 06211 Monitoring and Evaluation of Medicines Use NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide iii planning, and orientation of material development. After these preliminary workshops, experts developed materials individually and in-groups. Thereafter, developed draft materials were reviewed, edited and formatted and draft one was finalized and shared to stakeholders for inputs. Finally, CEDHA submitted the finalized Facilitator‘s guides and assessment plans for NTA level 5 and 6 to CSSC for endorsement, printing, dissemination and sharing with relevant authorities. There are 12 modules for NTA level 6 making 12 Facilitator guides and one Practicum guide. PST 06211 Monitoring and Evaluation of Medicines Use NTA Level 6 Semester 2 Facilitator Guide iv Acknowledgment The development of standardized training materials of a competence-based curriculum for pharmaceutical sciences has been accomplished through involvement of different stakeholders. Special thanks go to the Pharmacy Council for spearheading the harmonization of training materials in the pharmacy after noticing that training institutions in Tanzania were using different curricula and train their students differently. I would also like to extend my gratitude to Christian Social Service Commission (CSSC) for their tireless efforts to mobilize funds from development partners (German Ministry of Industry and action medeor). It is through the implementation of the Multi-Actors Partnership (MAP) project, CSSC has been able to provide the financial and technical support needed during the development of this training material. Many thanks go to the Centre for Educational Development in Health Arusha (CEDHA) experts on health material development and training who coordinated the development of these module sessions particularly Ms. Diana H. Gamuyafor her commitment in coordinating and facilitating the planning and
