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PST NTA Level 4

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 4 Semester 2, PST NTA Level 4, PST04212 Medical Stores Keeping

Process of Handing Over of the Store …………………………………………………………….. 80 – PST04212 Medical Stores Keeping

NTA Level 4 • Semester 2 • PST04212 Process of Handing Over of the Store …………………………………………………………….. 80 Medical Stores Keeping • Source Session/Topic 11 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 11: Process of Handing Over of the Store …………………………………………………………….. 80 PST 04101 Dispensing NTA Level 4 Semester 1 Facilitator Guide iii Background There is currently an ever increasing demand for pharmaceutical personnel in Tanzania. This is due to expanding investment in public and private pharmaceutical sector. Shortage of trained pharmaceutical human resource contributes to poor quality of pharmaceutical services and low access to medicines in the country (GIZ, 2012). Through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) the Pharmacy Council (PC) together with Development Partners (DPs) in Germany and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs) worked together to address the shortage of human resource for pharmacy by designing a project named “Supporting Training Institutions for Improved Pharmaceutical Services in Tanzania‖ in order to improve quality and capacity of PTIs in training, particularly of lower cadre pharmaceutical personnel. The Pharmacy Council formed a Steering committee that conducted a stakeholder‘s workshop from18th to 22ndAugust 2014 in Morogoro to initiate the implementation of the project. Key activities in the implementation of this project included carrying out situational analysis, curriculum review and harmonization, development of training manual/facilitators guide, development of assessment plan, training of trainers and supportive supervision. After the curricula were reviewed and harmonized, the process of developing standardised training materials was started in August 2015 through Writer‘s Workshop (WW) approach. The approach included two workshops (of two weeks each) for developing draft documents and a one-week workshop for reviewing, editing and formatting the sessions of the modules. The goals of Writers Workshops were to build capacity of tutors in the development of training materials and to develop high-quality, standardized teaching materials. The training package for pharmacy cadres includes a Facilitator Guide, Assessment plan and Practicum. There are 12 modules for NTA level 4 making 12 Facilitator guides and one Practicum guide. PST 04101 Dispensing NTA Level 4 Semester 1 Facilitator Guide iv Acknowledgement The development of standardized training materials of a competence-based curriculum for pharmaceutical sciences has been accomplished through involvement of different stakeholders. Special thanks go to the Pharmacy Council for spearheading the harmonization of training materials in the pharmacy after noticing that training institutions in Tanzania were using different curricula and train their students differently. I would also like to extend my gratitude to St. Luke Foundation (SLF)/Kilimanjaro School of Pharmacy –Moshi for their tireless efforts to mobilize funds from development partners. Special thanks to John Snow Inc (JSI), Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (Giz), Merck Kgaa, Boehringer Ingelheim Gmbh and Bayer Pharma Ag and action medeor.V for the financial and technical support. Particular thanks are due to those who led this important process to its completion, Mrs Stella M. Mpanda Director, Childbirth Survival International, and Members from the secretariat of National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) for facilitating the process. Finally, I very much appreciate the contributions of the tutors and content experts representing PTIs, hospitals, and other health training institutions. Their participation in meetings and workshops, and their input in the development of this training manual/facilitators guide have been invaluable. These participants are listed with our gratitude below: Mr.Wilson A.Mlaki Director Saint Luke Foundation Mr.Samwel M. Zakayo Pharmacy Council Ms. Ester A. Tuarira MUHAS Ms. Tumaini H. Lyombe MUHAS Mr, Wensaa E. Muro KSP Ms. Dilisi J. Makawia KSP Ms. Julieth Koimerek KSP PST 04101 Dispensing NTA Level 4 Semester 1 Facilitator Guide v Rev.Baraka A.M. Kabudi MEMS Mr. Kelvin E. Mtanililwa Royal Pharmaceutilcal Training Institute Ms. Rose Bulilo CEDHA Ms. Diana H. Gamuya CEDHA Dr.Melkiory C. Masatu CEDHA Dr.Benny Mboya CEDHA Mr. Habel A. Habel City College of Health and Allied Sciences Ms. Zaina Msami Meru District Council Director of Human Resources Development Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elders and Children PST 04101 Dispensing NTA Level 4 Semester 1 Facilitator Guide vi Introduction Module Overview This module content is a guide for tutors of Pharmaceutical schools for training of students. The session contents are based on sub-enabling outcomes and their related tasks of the curriculum for Basic Technician Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences. The module sub- enabling outcomes and their related tasks are as indicated in the Basic Technician Certificate in Pharmaceutical Sciences (NTA Level 4) curriculum. Target Audience This module is intended for use primarily by tutors of pharmaceutical schools. The module‘s sessions give guidance on the time, activities and provide information on how to teach the session. The sessions include different activities which focus on increasing students‘ knowledge, skills and attitudes. Organization of the Module The module consists of eleven (11) sessions; each session is divided into several parts as indicated below: • Session Title: The name of the session • Total Session Time: The estimated time for teaching the session, indicated in minutes • Pre-requisites: A module or session which needs to be covered before teaching the session. • Learning Tasks: Statements which indicate what the student is expected to learn by the end of the session • Resources Needed: All resources needed for the session are listed including handouts and worksheets • Session Overview: The session overview box lists the steps, time for each step, the activity or method used in each step and the step title • Session Content: All the session contents are divided into steps. Each step has a heading and an estimated time to teach that step as shown in the overview box. Also, this section includes instructions for the tutor and activities with their instructions to be done during teaching of the contents • Key Points: Key messages for concluding the session contents at the end of a session This step summarizes the main points and ideas from the session, based on the learning tasks of the session • Evaluation: The last section of the session consists of short questions based on

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 4 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 4, PST04101 Dispensing

PST04101 Dispensing – Complete Full Notes

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04101 Dispensing – Complete Full Notes Complete educational source text in one page Completeness safeguard: this page keeps the complete educational module/source wording in one place so learning material is not lost when browsing topic by topic. Presenter/tutor metadata is intentionally excluded. | | UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children Facilitator Guide Copyright © Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children – 2016 Table of Contents Background iv Acknowledgment v Introduction vii Abbreviations/Acronym ix Session 1: Introduction to Dispensing 1 Session 2: Medical Prescription 6 Session 3: Interpretation of Various Medical Symbols and Abbreviations in a Prescription 14 Session 4: Guidelines on Prescribing Medicines 29 Session 6: Prescriptions Errors 55 Session 7: Dispensing Procedures in Pharmacy 62 Session 8: Determining Quantities of Medicine for Dispensing 72 Session 9: Medicines Packaging Materials 87 Session 10: Medicines Label 96 Session 11: Generic and Brand Names of Medicines 105 Session 12: Giving Appropriate Medicine Information to Patients 111 Session 13: Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Overdose and Intoxication 132 Session 14: Documentation of Medicines and Medical Supplies 141 Session 15: Rational Use of Medicines 152 Session 16: Irrational Prescribing of Medicines 158 Session 17: Irrational Dispensing of Medicines 166 Session 18: Sections in a Pharmacy Department 174 Background There is currently an ever increasing demand for pharmaceutical personnel in Tanzania. This is due to expanding investment in public and private pharmaceutical sector. Shortage of trained pharmaceutical human resource contributes to poor quality of pharmaceutical services and low access to medicines in the country (GIZ, 2012). Through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) the Pharmacy Council (PC) together with Development Partners (DPs) in Germany and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs) worked together to address the shortage of human resource for pharmacy by designing a project named “Supporting Training Institutions for Improved Pharmaceutical Services in Tanzania” in order to improve quality and capacity of PTIs in training, particularly of lower cadre pharmaceutical personnel. The Pharmacy Council formed a Steering committee that conducted a stakeholders workshop from18th – 22ndAugust 2014 in Morogoro to initiate the implementation of the project. Key activities in the implementation of this project included carrying out situational analysis, curriculum review and harmonization, development of training manual/facilitators guide, development of assessment plan, training of trainers and supportive supervision. After the curricula were reviwed and harmonized, the process of developing standardised training materials was started in August 2015 through Writer’s Workshop approach. The approach included two workshops (of two weeks each) for developing draft documents and a one-week workshop for reviewing, editing and formatting the sessions of the modules. The goals of writers workshops were to build capacity of tutors in the development of training materials and to develop high-quality, standardized teaching materials. The training package for pharmacy cadres includes a facilitator guide, assessment plan and practicum. There are 12 modules for NTA level 4 making 12 facilitator guides and one practicum guide. Acknowledgment The development of standardized training materials of a competence-based curriculum for pharmaceutical sciences has been accomplished through involvement of different stakeholders. Special thanks go to the Pharmacy Council for spearheading the harmonization of training materials in the pharmacy after noticing that training institutions in Tanzania were using different curricula and train their students differently. I would also like to extend my gratitude to St. Luke Foundation (SLF)/Kilimanjaro School of Pharmacy –Moshi for their tireless efforts to mobilize funds from development partners. Special thanks to John Snow Inc (JSI), Deutsche GesellschaftFür Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Merck Kgaa, BoehringerIngelheimGmbhand Bayer Pharma Ag and action medeor.V for the financial and technical support. Particular thanks are due to those who led this important process to its completion, Mrs Stella M. Mpanda Director, Childbirth Survival Intenational, and Members from the secretariat of National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) for facilitating the process. Finally, I very much appreciate the contributions of the tutors and content experts representing PTIs, hospitals, and other health training institutions. Their participation in meetings and workshops, and their input in the development of this training manual/facilitators guide have been invaluable. These participants are listed with our gratitude below: Mr.Wilson Mlaki DSt. Luke Foundation/Kilimanjaro School of Pharmacy Mr.Samwel M. Zakayo- Pharmacy Council Ms. Ester A. Tuarira MUHAS Ms. Tumaini H. Lyombe MUHAS Ms. Dilisi J. Makawia KSP Ms. Julieth Koimerek KSP Rev. Baraka A.M. Kabudi MEMS Mr. Kelvin E. Mtanililwa Royal Pharmaceutical Training Institute Ms. Rose Bulilo CEDHA Ms. Diana H. Gamuya CEDHA Dr.Melkiory Masatu CEDHA Mr. Habel A. Habel City College of Health and Allied Sciences Ms. Zaina Msami Meru District Council Director of Human Resources Development Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children Introduction Module Overview This module content is a guide for tutors of Pharmaceutical schools for training of students. The session contents are based on sub-enabling outcomes and their related tasks of the curriculum for Basic Technician Course in Pharmaceutical Sciences. The module sub-enabling outcomes and their related tasks are as indicated in the in the Basic Technician Certificate in Pharmaceutical Sciences (NTA Level 4) Curriculum Target Audience This module is intended for use primarily by tutors of pharmaceutical schools. The module’s sessions give guidance on the time, activities and provide information on how to teach the session. The sessions include different activities which focus on increasing students’ knowledge, skills and attitudes. Organization of the Module The module consists of eighteen (18) sessions; each session is divided into several parts as indicated below: • Session Title: The name of the session • Total Session Time: The estimated time for teaching the session, indicated in minutes • Pre-requisites: A module or session which needs to be covered before teaching the session. • Learning Tasks: Statements which indicate what the student is expected to learn by the end of the session • Resources Needed: All resources needed for the session are listed including handouts and worksheets • Session Overview: The session overview box lists the steps, time for each step, the activity or method used in each step and

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 4 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 4, PST04102 Disease Control and Prevention

PST04102 Disease Control and Prevention – Complete Full Notes

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04102 Disease Control and Prevention – Complete Full Notes Complete educational source text in one page Completeness safeguard: this page keeps the complete educational module/source wording in one place so learning material is not lost when browsing topic by topic. Presenter/tutor metadata is intentionally excluded. | | UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA [pic] Ministry of Heath, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children Facilitator Guide Copyright © Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children – 2016 Table of Contents Background v Acknowledgment vi Introduction viii Abbreviations/Acronym xi Session 1: Concepts of Disease Control and Prevention 1 Session 2: Methods of Controlling Common Air-borne Diseases 7 Session 3: Methods of Controlling Diseases Transmitted by Faecal Contamination 12 Session 4: Methods of Controlling Vector-borne Diseases 17 Session 5: Methods of Controlling Disease Transmitted by Animal Bites 22 Session 6: Measures to Improve Hygiene and Sanitation 27 Session 7: Measures for Preventing Water Contamination 32 Session 8: Water Treatment Methods 39 Session 9: Water for Pharmaceutical Use 44 Session 10: Methods for Safe Sewage Disposal 49 Session 11: Health Hazards of Poor Housing and Ventilation 55 Session 12: Air Purification in Pharmaceutical Settings 62 Session 13: Using Antiseptics and Disinfectants 67 Session 14: Introduction to Common Communicable Diseases 75 Session 15: Identification of Patients with Malaria 83 Session 16: Identification of Patients with Common Cold 94 Session 17: Identification of Patients with Tonsillitis 99 Session 18: Identification of Patients with Bronchitis 104 Session 19: Identification of Patients with Pneumonia 109 Session 20: Identification of Patients with Amoebiasis 115 Session 21: Identification of Patients with Typhoid Fever 121 Session 22: Identification of Patients with Food Poisoning 126 Session 23: Identification of Patients with Cholera 133 Session 24: Identification of Patients with Ascariasis 140 Session 25: Identification of Patients with Scabies 147 Session 26: Identification of Patients with Dermatophytes 154 Session 27: Identification of Patients with HIV/AIDS 161 Session 28: Identification of Patients with Tuberculosis 172 Session 29: Identification of Patients with Leprosy 182 Session 30: Identification of Patients with Gonorrhoea 188 Session 31: Identification of Patients with Syphilis 193 Session 32: Identification of Patients with Trichomoniasis 200 Session 33: Identification of Patients with Vaginal Candidiasis 206 Session 34: Introduction to Common Non-communicable Diseases 212 Session 35: Identification of Patients with Hypertension 217 Session 36: Identification of Patients with Diabetes 223 Session 37: Identification of Patients with Peptic Ulcers 230 Session 38: Identification of Patients with Asthma 236 Session 39: Identification of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis 243 Session 40: Prevention and Control of Contamination in Pharmaceutical Settings 248 Session 41: Methods for Disposing Pharmaceutical Wastes 255 Session 42: Introduction to Human Nutrition 270 Session 43: Managing Patients with Nutritional Deficiency Diseases 278 Session 44: Specialised Food Therapy 291 Background There is currently an ever increasing demand for pharmaceutical personnel in Tanzania. This is due to expanding investment in public and private pharmaceutical sector. Shortage of trained pharmaceutical human resource contributes to poor quality of pharmaceutical services and low access to medicines in the country (GIZ, 2012). Through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) the Pharmacy Council (PC) together with Development Partners (DPs) in Germany and Pharmaceutical Training Institutions (PTIs) worked together to address the shortage of human resource for pharmacy by designing a project named “Supporting Training Institutions for Improved Pharmaceutical Services in Tanzania” in order to improve quality and capacity of PTIs in training, particularly of lower cadre pharmaceutical personnel. The Pharmacy Council formed a Steering committee that conducted a stakeholders workshop from18th – 22ndAugust 2014 in Morogoro to initiate the implementation of the project. Key activities in the implementation of this project included carrying out situational analysis, curriculum review and harmonization, development of training manual/facilitators guide, development of assessment plan, training of trainers and supportive supervision. After the curricula were reviwed and harmonized, the process of developing standardised training materials was started in August 2015 through Writer’s Workshop approach. The approach included two workshops (of two weeks each) for developing draft documents and a one-week workshop for reviewing, editing and formatting the sessions of the modules. The goals of writers workshops were to build capacity of tutors in the development of training materials and to develop high-quality, standardized teaching materials. The training package for pharmacy cadres includes a facilitator guide, assessment plan and practicum. There are 12 modules for NTA level 4 making 12 facilitator guides and one practicum guide. Acknowledgment The development of standardized training materials of a competence-based curriculum for pharmaceutical sciences has been accomplished through involvement of different stakeholders. Special thanks go to the Pharmacy Council for spearheading the harmonization of training materials in the pharmacy after noticing that training institutions in Tanzania were using different curricula and train their students differently. I would also like to extend my gratitude to St. Luke Foundation (SLF)/Kilimanjaro School of Pharmacy –Moshi for their tireless efforts to mobilize funds from development partners. Special thanks to John Snow Inc (JSI), Deutsche GesellschaftFür Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), Merck Kgaa, BoehringerIngelheimGmbhand Bayer Pharma Ag and action medeor.V for the financial and technical support. Particular thanks are due to those who led this important process to its completion, Mrs Stella M. Mpanda Director, Childbirth Survival Intenational, and Members from the secretariat of National Council for Technical Education (NACTE) for facilitating the process. Finally, I very much appreciate the contributions of the tutors and content experts representing PTIs, hospitals, and other health training institutions. Their participation in meetings and workshops, and their input in the development of this training manual/facilitators guide have been invaluable. These participants are listed with our gratitude below: Mr.Wilson Mlaki DSt. Luke Foundation/Kilimanjaro School of Pharmacy Mr.Samwel M. Zakayo- Pharmacy Council Ms. Ester A. Tuarira MUHAS Ms. Tumaini H. Lyombe MUHAS Ms. Dilisi J. Makawia KSP Ms. Julieth Koimerek KSP Rev. Baraka A.M. Kabudi MEMS Mr. Kelvin E. Mtanililwa Royal Pharmaceutical Training Institute Ms. Rose Bulilo CEDHA Ms. Diana H. Gamuya CEDHA Dr.Melkiory Masatu CEDHA Mr. Habel A. Habel City College of Health and Allied Sciences Ms. Zaina Msami Meru District

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 4 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 4

PST04101 Dispensing Notes – NTA Level 4

NTA LEVEL 4 • SEMESTER 1 PST04101 – Dispensing Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Introduction to DispensingSession 2: Medical PrescriptionSession 3: Interpretation of Various Medical Symbols and Abbreviations in a PrescriptionSession 4: Guidelines on Prescribing MedicinesSession 5: Policies and Guidelines on Prescribing MedicinesSession 6: Prescription ErrorsSession 7: Dispensing Procedures in PharmacySession 8: Determining Quantities of Medicine for DispensingSession 9: Medicines Packaging MaterialsSession 10: Medicines LabelSession 11: Generic and Brand Names of MedicinesSession 12: Giving Appropriate Medicine Information to PatientsSession 13: Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Overdose and IntoxicationSession 14: Documentation of Medicines and Medical SuppliesSession 15: Rational Use of Medicines (RUM)Session 16: Irrational Prescribing of MedicinesSession 17: Irrational Dispensing of MedicineSession 18: Sections in a Pharmacy Department ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 4 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 4

PST04102 Disease Control and Prevention Notes – NTA Level 4

NTA LEVEL 4 • SEMESTER 1 PST04102 – Disease Control and Prevention Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Concepts of Disease Control and PreventionSession 2: Methods of Controlling Common Air-borne DiseasesSession 3: Methods of Controlling Diseases Transmitted by FaecalSession 4: Methods of Controlling Vector-borne DiseasesSession 5: Methods of Controlling Disease Transmitted by Animal BitesSession 6: Measures to Improve Hygiene and SanitationSession 7: Measures for Preventing Water ContaminationSession 8: Water Treatment MethodsSession 9: Water for Pharmaceutical UseSession 10: Methods for Safe Sewage DisposalSession 11: Health Hazards of Poor Housing and VentilationSession 12: Air Purification in Pharmaceutical SettingsSession 13: Using Antiseptics and DisinfectantsSession 14: Introduction to Common Communicable DiseasesSession 15: Identification of Patients with MalariaSession 16: Identification of Patients with Common ColdSession 17: Identification of Patients with TonsillitisSession 18: Identification of Patients with BronchitisSession 19: Identification of Patients with PneumoniaSession 20: Identification of Patients with AmoebiasisSession 21: Identification of Patients with Typhoid FeverSession 22: Identification of Patients with Food PoisoningSession 23: Identification of Patients with CholeraSession 24: Identification of Patients with AscariasisSession 25: Identification of Patients with ScabiesSession 26: Identification of Patients with DermatophytesSession 27: Identification of Patients with HIV/AIDSSession 28: Identification of Patients with TuberculosisSession 29: Identification of Patients with LeprosySession 30: Identification of Patients with GonorrhoeaSession 31: Identification of Patients with SyphilisSession 32: Identification of Patients with TrichomoniasisSession 33: Identification of Patients with Vaginal CandidiasisSession 34: Introduction to Common Non-communicable DiseasesSession 35: Identification of Patients with HypertensionSession 36: Identification of Patients with DiabetesSession 37: Identification of Patients with Peptic UlcersSession 38: Identification of Patients with AsthmaSession 39: Identification of Patients with Allergic RhinitisSession 40: Prevention and Control of Contamination in PharmaceuticalSession 41: Methods for Disposing Pharmaceutical WastesSession 42: Introduction to Human NutritionSession 43: Managing Patients with Nutritional Deficiency DiseasesSession 44: Specialised Food Therapy ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 4 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 4

PST04103 Human Anatomy and Physiology Notes – NTA Level 4

NTA LEVEL 4 • SEMESTER 1 PST04103 – Human Anatomy and Physiology Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Introduction to Human Anatomy and Organization of OrganismSession 2: Structure, Types and Functions of CellsSession 3: Common Disorders of Human CellsSession 4: Structure and Functions of Epithelial TissuesSession 5: Structure and Functions of Connective TissuesSession 6: Structure and Functions of Bone TissuesSession 7: Common Disorders of Connective TissuesSession 8: Structure and Functions of Muscle TissuesSession 9: Structure and Functions of Nervous TissuesSession 10: Structure and Functions of the EarSession 11: Structure and Functions of SkinSession 12: Structure, Functions and disorders of the EyeSession 13: Introduction to Gastrointestinal SystemSession 14: Structure and Functions of Stomach and IntestinesSession 15: Accessory Organs of Digestive SystemSession 16: Common Disorders of Gastrointestinal SystemSession 17: Composition and Functions of BloodSession 18: The ABO Blood Grouping System and Rhesus FactorsSession 19: Common Disorders of Blood CellsSession 20: Body Fluids and Electrolytes ImbalanceSession 21: Acid – Base Balances and Common Electrolyte DisordersSession 22: Structure and Functions of CardiovascularSession 23: Common Disorders of the CardiovascularSession 24: Structure and Functions of the RespiratorySession 25: Common Disorders of the Respiratory SystemSession 26: Structure and Functions of the Male Reproductive SystemSession 27: Common Disorders of the Male ReproductiveSession 28: Structure and Functions of the Female Reproductive SystemSession 29: Common Disorders of the Female Reproductive SystemSession 30: Structure and Functions of the Urinary SystemSession 31: Common Disorders of the Urinary SystemSession 32: Structure and Functions of Endocrine SystemSession 33: Common Disorders of Endocrine SystemSession 34: Structures and Functions of the Central Nervous SystemSession 35: Structure and Functions of the Autonomic Nervous SystemSession 36: Common Disorders of the Nervous SystemSession 37: Structure, Functions and Common Disorders of Lymphatic SystemSession 38: Cardinal Signs of Inflammation 279 ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 4 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 4

PST04104 Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Notes – NTA Level 4

NTA LEVEL 4 • SEMESTER 1 PST04104 – Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Introduction to Pharmaceutical Dosage FormsSession 2: Solid Pharmaceutical Dosage FormsSession 3: Semisolid Pharmaceutical Dosage FormsSession 4: Liquid Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms for Internal UseSession 5: Liquid Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms for External UseSession 6: Parenteral and Gaseous Pharmaceutical Dosage FormsSession 7: Routes of Drug AdministrationSession 8: Components of Pharmaceutical Dosage FormsSession 9: Stability of Pharmaceutical Dosage FormsSession 10: Pharmaceutical Packaging MaterialsSession 11: Pharmaceutical Containers and Closures ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 4 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 4

PST04105 Pharmaceutical Calculations Notes – NTA Level 4

NTA LEVEL 4 • SEMESTER 1 PST04105 – Pharmaceutical Calculations Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Introduction to Pharmaceutical CalculationsSession 2: Calculations of Unit of Measure Relating to VolumeSession 3: Calculations of Unit of Measure Relating to WeightSession 4: Calculations of Unit of Measure Relating to LengthSession 5: Calculations of Unit of Measure Relating to International Units,Session 6: Calculations of Density and Specific GravitySession 7: Calculations of Weights and Volume UsingSession 8: Calculations of Dilution Using AlligationSession 9: Calculations of Dilution and Concentration of LiquidsSession 10: Calculations of Quantities of Water to Use for ReconstitutingSession 11: Calculations of Doses for Paediatrics and Geriatrics Based onSession 12: Calculations of Dosage of HeparinSession 13: Calculations of Percentage Strength of Weight-In-Volume (%W/V)Session 14: Calculations of Percentage Strength Volume-In-Volume (%V/V)Session 15: Calculations of Percentage Strength (mg %W/V, mg%W/W)Session 16: Calculations of Ratio Strength (%W/W, %W/V, %V/V, Ppm)Session 17: Calculations of Quantities of Each Ingredient Required for CompoundingSession 18: Calculations of Dilution and Concentration of Solids and SemisolidsSession 19: Calculations of Weight by Aliquot MethodSession 20: Calculations of Volume by Aliquot Method 109 ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 4 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 4

PST04106 Communication Skills Notes – NTA Level 4

NTA LEVEL 4 • SEMESTER 1 PST04106 – Communication Skills Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Introduction to Communication SkillsSession 2: Media of CommunicationSession 3: The Process of CommunicationSession 4: Using Skills of CommunicationSession 5: Barriers to Effective CommunicationSession 6: Writing Formal Letters and Technical ReportsSession 7: Customer Care in Provision of Pharmaceutical ServicesSession 8: Communicating to Patients/Clients with Special Needs 46 ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

Pharmaceutical Sciences Notes, PST Level 4 Semester 1, PST NTA Level 4

PST04107 Basic Computer Applications Notes – NTA Level 4

NTA LEVEL 4 • SEMESTER 1 PST04107 – Basic Computer Applications Complete topic-by-topic notes index Open any topic below to study the source-text notes directly on the website. OPEN COMPLETE FULL NOTES →Session 1: Introduction to Basic ComputersSession 2: Basic Structure and Functions of ComputersSession 3: The Importance of Computers in Pharmacy PracticeSession 4: The Use of Computers in Keeping Records of Medicines and Medical SuppliesSession 5: Identification of Different Types of Computer SoftwareSession 6: Demonstration on Getting Started with Microsoft WordSession 7: Demonstration on Microsoft Word BasicsSession 8: Demonstration on Advanced Microsoft Word formattingSession 9: Demonstration on Tables Creation, Editing and FormattingSession 10: Working with Image in Microsoft WordSession 11: Demonstration on Printing and Managing DocumentsSession 12: Demonstration on PowerPoint BasicsSession 13: Demonstration on Enhancing PowerPoint PresentationSession 14: Demonstration on Creating PowerPoint Slide ShowSession 15: Demonstration on Microsoft Excel Windows FeaturesSession 16: Demonstration on Worksheet Layout ManagementSession 17: Demonstration on Excel Cells and Creating FormulasSession 18: Demonstration of Charts and Printing Management of Excel DocumentSession 19: Computer Safety: Virus, Data Storage And ProtectionSession 20: Internet, Web and Computer Communications ← View all Semester 1 modules PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

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