PST NTA Level 4

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04101 Introduction to Dispensing Dispensing • Source Session/Topic 1 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 1: Introduction to Dispensing Total Session Time: 60 minutes Prerequisites • None Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: • Define Dispensing, Dispenser and Medicines • Describe Importance of Dispensing in Pharmacy Resources Needed: • Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape • Black/white board, chalk and whiteboard markers SESSION OVERVIEW |Step |Time |Activity/ |Content | | | |Method | | |1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks | |2 |15 minutes |Buzzing |Definition of Dispensing, | | | |Presentation |Dispenser and Medicine | |3 |30 minutes |Presentation |Importance of Dispensing in | | | |Small Group Discussion|Pharmacy | |4 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points | |5 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation | SESSION CONTENTS STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning Tasks and clarify ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. STEP 2: Definition of Dispensing, Dispenser and Medicine (5 minutes) |Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) | | | |Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: | | | |What is Dispensing, Dispenser, Medicine? | | | |ALLOW few students to respond? | | | |WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board | | | |CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below | Dispensing: The act of preparing medicines and/or medical supplies and distributing to users with adequate information, counseling and appropriate follow up Dispensing involves: • Receiving and Interpretation of prescription from prescriber • The preparation, packaging, labeling, record keeping, and transfer of a pre scription drug to a patient or an intermediary, who is responsible for administration of the drug • Dispensing includes; o The preparation and transfer of a medication to a client o Taking steps to ensure the pharmaceutical and therapeutic suitability of the medication for its intended use, o Taking steps to ensure its proper use of medicines o It may also include accepting payment for a medication on behalf of a nurse's employer. • Dispensing occurs when the medications are given to a client • Dispenser: Any person who is licensed or authorized by the appropriate body to dispense medicines and/or medical supplies • Medicine: Any substance or mixture of substances used in the diagnosis, treatment, mitigation or prevention of a disease in human o Medicines include narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursor chemicals, traditional medicines, complementary or alternative medicine; poisons, blood and blood products, vaccine, radioactive pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and sanitary items and medical instruments STEP 3: Importance of Dispensing (30 minutes) |Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 15 minutes) | | | |DIVIDE students into small manageable groups | | | |ASK students to discuss on the following question | | | |What are the importance of dispensing? | | | |ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes | | | |ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned | | | |CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below | The following are importance of dispensing: • Ensure patient receives; o Correct medicine, o Crrect amount of medicines o Correct dose and dosage o At lower cost • Patient receives proper information of his/her medicine • Improves patient compliance to their medications • As a subject (module) in pharmaceutical dispensing course, it ensures student is equipped with knowledge, understanding, attitude and skills necessary for dispensing practices STEP 4: Key Points (5 minutes) • Dispensing refers to the process of preparing and giving medicines to a named person on the basis of prescription • Dispensing involves the correct interpretation of the wishes of the prescriber and the accurate preparation and labelling of medicine for use by th patient • Dispensing process may take place in a public or private clinic, health center, hospital or community pharmacy setting • Dispensing is carried out by pharmacists, pharmaceutical technicians, nurses, pharmaceutical assistants and medicine dispensers STEP 5: Evaluation (5 minutes) • What is dispensing? • What are the importance of dispensing? References Ansel, H. C. (2012). Pharmaceutical Calculations (14th ed.). Philadelfia,United States of America: LWW. . Bentley, A. O., & Rawlins, E. A. (1977). Bentley's textbook of pharmaceutics (8th ed.). London, United Kingdom: Bailliere Tindall. Cooper, J. W., Gunn, C., & Carter, S. J. (2008). Cooper and Gunn's dispensing for pharmaceutical students (12th ed.). New Delhi, India: CBS. Rees, J. A., Smith, I., & Watson, J. Pharmaceutical practice (5th ed.). London, United Kingdom: Churchill Livingstone Next Topic →View all Dispensing topicsOpen Complete Full Notes PDF / OFFLINE NOTES Unataka kutumiwa notes hizi kupitia WhatsApp?Kwa notes zilizopangiliwa vizuri kwa kusoma offline au PDF, bonyeza kitufe hapa chini. Ujumbe wenye Level, Semester, Module na Topic utaandaliwa moja kwa moja.TUMIWA NOTES WHATSAPP WhatsApp: 255620339260

NTA Level 4 • Semester 1 • PST04101 Medical Prescription Dispensing • Source Session/Topic 2 Full source-text version: all educational wording from the extracted learning source is retained; only presenter/tutor metadata and web-layout noise are removed, while formatting is improved for readability. Session 2: Medical Prescription Total Session Time: 120 minutes Prerequisites • None Learning Tasks By the end of this session students are expected to be able to: • Define a Medical Prescription • List Parts of a Medical Prescription • Identify Features of Different Parts of a Medical Prescription Resources Needed: • Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape • Black/white board, chalk and /whiteboard markers • Handout 2.1: Sample of a Filled Medical Prescription SESSION OVERVIEW |Step |Time |Activity/ |Content | | | |Method | | |1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks | |2 |05 minutes |Presentation |Definition of a Medical | | | | |Prescription | |3 |50 minutes |Presentation |Parts of a Medical Prescription | | | |Small Group Discussion| | |4 | 50 minutes |Presentation |Features of Different Parts of a | | | |Small Group Discussion|Medical Prescription | |5 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points | |6 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation | SESSION CONTENTS STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes) READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify ASK students if they have any questions before continuing. STEP 2: Definition of Medical Prescription (5 minutes) Medical Prescription • A legal written order from a qualified prescriber to a qualified dispenser which contains instructions to dispense or compound and administer specified medicines to a clearly mentioned patient Or • It is an order for medication issued by a physician, dentist or other properly licensed medical practitioner o A prescription designate specific medication and dosage to be prepared by a pharmacist/pharmaceutical technician and administered to a particular patient o A medical prescription can be printed or written in ink Categories of a Medical Prescription • Those written for single component or prefabricated products and not requiring compounding or mixing by the pharmacist/pharmaceutical technician • Those written for more than a single component and requiring compounding [pic] Fig 2.1: Sample Prescriptions STEP 3: Parts of a Medical Prescription (50 minutes) |Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) | | | |DIVIDE students into small manageable groups | | | |ASK students to discuss on the following question | | | |What are the Parts of a Medical Prescription? | | | |ALLOW students to discuss for 30 minutes | | | |ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned | | | |CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below | The following are parts of a Medical Prescription: • Name of the institution/health facility • Prescriber information and signature • Patient information • Date prescription was written • The superscription (Rx symbol) • Inscription (medication prescribed) • The subscription (dispensing instruction to the pharmaceutical personnel) • Transcription/ Signatura (Direction to the patient) [pic] Figure 2.2: Sample of Filled Medical Prescription [pic][pic] Refer students to Handout 2.1: Sample of a filled Medical Prescription STEP 4: Features of Different Parts of a Medical Prescription (50 minutes) |Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) | | | |DIVIDE students into small manageable groups | | | |[pic] ASK students to discuss on the following question | |What are the features of different parts of a Medical Prescription? | | | |[pic] Refer students to Handout 2.1: Sample of a Filled Medical | |Prescription | | | |ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes | | | |ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned | | | |CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below | The following are features of different parts of a medical prescription: • Name of the institution/ health facility o Full address of the institution • Prescriber’s information and signature o Name, address and signature of the prescriber together with professional qualification. (ACO, CO, AMO, MD or DS etc) written and signed in indelible/permanent ink • Patient information o Patient information which includes the patient full name, address, hospital registration number, sex, age and /or body weight of the patient • Date prescription was written o The date prescription was written showing day, month and year • The superscription (Rx symbol) o Consists of the heading where the symbol Rx (an abbreviation for recipe, the Latin for ‘take thou’) is found o The Rx symbol comes before the inscription • Inscription o Is also called the body of the prescription o Provides the names and quantities of the chief ingredients of the prescription to be dispensed o The dose/strength and dosage form, such as tablet, suspension, capsule, syrup is found • The subscription (dispensing instruction to the pharmaceutical personnel) o This gives specific directions for the pharmaceutical personnel on how to compound the medication o These directions to the pharmaceutical personnel are usually expressed in Latin or may consist of a short sentence such as: "make a solution," "mix and place into 10 capsules” or "dispense 10 tablets" • Transcription o This gives instructions to the patient for use: ▪ On how to take the drug; route by which the drug is to be administered. ▪ How much, how many times per day (frequency of administration), when and how long the drug is to be taken ▪ These instructions are preceded by the symbol “S” or “Sig.” from the Latin, meaning "mark." Or “Label” ▪ Also may contain special instructions, warnings considered important for the patient STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes) • A medical prescription should be clearly written for easy reading and to prevent unnecessary mistakes in interpretation o If not written clearly, check with the prescriber and never guess • Not all medications require prescriptions. There are certain medications on the market that can be purchased over the counter, thus their name Over-the-Counter drugs (OTC) STEP 6: Evaluation (5 minutes) •