Sura hii inasaidia mfugaji kutambua alama za hatari na hatua ya kwanza. Dalili nyingi zinafanana kati ya magonjwa. Kwa mfano, homa, kukosa hamu ya kula na kulegea vinaweza kuonekana kwenye magonjwa kadhaa. Usifanye diagnosis kwa dalili moja pekee.

African Swine Fever – ASF

ASF ni ugonjwa wa virus unaoweza kuua sehemu kubwa ya herd na kuenea kupitia nguruwe, damu/tishu, nyama iliyoambukizwa, vifaa, magari, watu na feed iliyochafuliwa. Dalili zinaweza kujumuisha homa, depression, kutokula, reddening/bluish skin, bleeding, vomiting/diarrhoea, abortion na vifo vya ghafla. Hakuna dawa ya kawaida inayotibu virus yenyewe. Hatua ya kwanza ni kusimamisha movement na kuwasiliana na mamlaka/afisa mifugo. Sura ya 18 inaeleza kwa kina.

Classical Swine Fever – CSF

CSF pia ni viral disease yenye dalili zinazoweza kufanana na ASF: homa, weakness, skin changes, diarrhoea, neurological signs na mortality. Uwepo wake hutegemea hali ya nchi/eneo na surveillance. Tofauti yake na ASF haiwezi kuthibitishwa kwa macho; laboratory diagnosis ni muhimu. Ripoti suspicion kwa huduma za mifugo.

Swine erysipelas

Husababishwa na bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Inaweza kuleta fever, lameness, sudden death na lesions za ngozi zenye shape kama diamond kwa baadhi ya animals. Chronic cases zinaweza kuathiri joints au heart. Tenga animals, punguza stress na pata veterinary diagnosis. Prevention inaweza kujumuisha vaccination kulingana na risk na availability, pamoja na hygiene.

Pneumonia na respiratory disease complex

Kikohozi, rapid breathing, nasal discharge, poor growth na fever vinaweza kusababishwa na bacteria, viruses, dust, ammonia, overcrowding au combination. Treatment ya “kikohozi” bila kurekebisha ventilation inaweza kutoa relief ya muda tu. Kagua stocking density, dust, temperature swings na water/feed.

Mange

Mange husababishwa na mites na huleta intense itching, rubbing, crusts na thickened skin, hasa masikioni na maeneo mengine. Inaweza kupunguza growth na kuongeza skin injuries. Treat whole-contact group kulingana na veterinary advice, safisha mazingira na quarantine new arrivals. Dawa na repeat interval hutegemea product na life cycle; usichague kwa kubahatisha.

Minyoo ya ndani

Internal parasites zinaweza kusababisha poor growth, pot belly, diarrhoea, coughing kwa baadhi ya migrating larvae, anaemia au poor feed conversion. Risk huongezeka kwenye outdoor systems na pens zenye contamination. Faecal examination na herd history husaidia kupanga control badala ya deworming blind kila tarehe.

Diarrhoea

Diarrhoea si ugonjwa mmoja. Piglets inaweza kusababishwa na E. coli, coccidia, rotavirus na sababu nyingine; growers wanaweza kuathiriwa na feed change, parasites, bacterial disease au toxins. Hatari kuu ni dehydration na loss of growth. Tenga sick animals, hakikisha maji/electrolyte plan kwa ushauri, chukua samples ikiwa outbreaks ni kubwa na pata diagnosis kabla ya antibiotic.

Salmonellosis

Inaweza kusababisha fever, diarrhoea, respiratory signs au septicemia. Baadhi ya Salmonella zina umuhimu kwa afya ya binadamu. Hygiene, rodent control, clean feed/water na all-in/all-out management hupunguza risk. Meat hygiene ni muhimu; animals sick hawapaswi kuingia food chain bila veterinary/meat inspection clearance.

Leptospirosis

Bacteria wa Leptospira wanaweza kuhusishwa na reproductive failure, abortion, stillbirths na weak piglets. Panya na contaminated water ni risk factors. Ni zoonosis – inaweza kuambukiza binadamu. Rodent control, water hygiene na veterinary investigation ya abortions ni muhimu.

Mastitis, metritis na agalactia

Mastitis ni inflammation ya udder; metritis ni infection/inflammation ya uterus; agalactia ni kupungua/kukosekana kwa milk. Sow baada ya farrowing anaweza kuwa na fever, udder painful/hard, foul discharge, depression na piglets wanaolia/wanakonda kwa kukosa milk. Hii ni hali inayohitaji veterinary attention mapema kwa sababu piglets wanaathirika haraka.

Anaemia ya piglets

Piglets wanaweza kuwa pale, weak, growth slow na kupumua kwa haraka. Prevention inahusisha iron supplementation inayofaa product na system. Usirudie injection kwa kubahatisha bila kujua concentration na history.

Foot problems

Cracks, overgrown claws, injuries, slippery floors, wet bedding na nutritional imbalance zinaweza kusababisha lameness. Kagua floor na hooves pamoja na kutafuta infection. Lameness ya breeding stock ni sababu kubwa ya culling ikiwa haiwezi kurekebishwa.

Abscesses

Abscess ni pocket ya pus mara nyingi baada ya injury au infection. Usichome/chane bila usafi na mpango wa veterinary, hasa abscess kubwa, karibu na joints, udder, spine au eneo la throat. Needles zitumike kwa usafi na zisivunjike ndani ya mnyama.