African Swine Fever ni moja ya hatari kubwa zaidi kwa biashara ya nguruwe. Virus inaweza kuishi kwenye damu na baadhi ya bidhaa za nguruwe kwa muda mrefu kutegemea mazingira. Kwa farm, defense kuu si dawa; ni kuzuia virus isiingie na kusimamisha movement mapema ikiwa suspicion imetokea.

ASF inaingiaje farm?

Nguruwe hai

Kununua piglets, sows au boars kutoka source isiyojulikana ni njia kubwa ya kuingiza disease. Mnyama anaweza kuonekana kawaida wakati wa safari lakini akawa kwenye incubation stage. Quarantine na source verification ni msingi.

Nyama na bidhaa za nguruwe

Pork, offal na food waste zilizo contaminated zinaweza kubeba virus. Wafanyakazi wasiingize pork products kwenye pig area. Kulisha swill yenye bidhaa za nguruwe ni risk kubwa na inaweza kuwa na restrictions; safer policy ni kutotumia kabisa material hiyo bila mfumo ulioidhinishwa.

Magari

Truck iliyobeba nguruwe kwenye market, slaughter point au farm nyingine inaweza kubeba contaminated manure/blood kwenye tyres, floor na tools. Loading area iwe nje ya clean zone kadiri iwezekanavyo, na magari yasikaribie pens bila sababu.

Watu na vifaa

Boots, overalls, knives, ropes, weighing crates, feeders na mobile equipment vinaweza kubeba organic material. Visitor log, dedicated boots na cleaning/disinfection protocols ni muhimu. Disinfectant haiwezi kufanya kazi vizuri juu ya matope mengi; cleaning lazima itangulie.

Feed na ingredients

Feed inaweza kuchafuliwa wakati wa transport au storage. Nunua kutoka suppliers wanaoaminika, linda dhidi ya pigs/wild animals na panya, na usitumie raw animal-origin waste ya source isiyojulikana.

Dalili zinazoweza kuonekana

• Homa na depression.
• Kukosa hamu ya kula.
• Nguruwe kujikusanya au kushindwa kusimama.
• Red/bluish discoloration kwenye masikio, tumbo au miguu kwa baadhi ya cases.
• Vomiting au diarrhoea, wakati mwingine damu.
• Nose/other bleeding kwa baadhi.
• Abortion kwa pregnant sows.
• Vifo vya ghafla au mortality kubwa.

Dalili hizi si za ASF pekee. Confirmation inahitaji laboratory testing na official investigation.

Ufanye nini ukihisi ASF

1. Usiuze, usihamishe na usichinje kwa siri. Movement inaweza kusambaza outbreak kwa vijiji na farms nyingine.
2. Tenga eneo na zuia watu wasiokuwa lazima kuingia.
3. Wasiliana mara moja na Afisa Mifugo/Daktari wa Mifugo na mamlaka husika.
4. Usisafirishe carcass, manure, feed bags au equipment nje ya farm mpaka upate maelekezo.
5. Andika animal IDs, dalili, tarehe ya kwanza, deaths na movements za siku zilizotangulia.
6. Fuata maelekezo ya sampling, disposal, quarantine na disinfection kutoka mamlaka.

Kwa nini “kutibu tu” ni hatari

Antibiotiki haziuai ASF virus. Wanaweza kuwa na nafasi tu kwa secondary bacterial infections chini ya veterinary direction, lakini hawabadilishi ASF kuwa ugonjwa unaotibika. Kujaribu dawa nyingi huku animals wanaendelea kuhamishwa hupoteza muda muhimu wa containment.

Biosecurity ya ASF kwa farm ndogo

Farm ndogo haihitaji gate ya gharama kubwa ili kuanza biosecurity. Inaweza kuwa na: mlango mmoja; boots za farm; water/soap; footbath inayotunzwa; no-pork rule; quarantine pen; visitor log; feed store iliyofungwa; loading point nje ya clean area; na sheria kwamba worker anayekwenda slaughter slab au pig market habadilishi tu viatu bila kuoga/kubadili nguo kabla ya kurudi pig area.

Baada ya outbreak

Cleaning baada ya outbreak si kunyunyizia disinfectant tu. Organic matter iondolewe kwa njia iliyoelekezwa, surfaces zisafishwe, disinfectant itumike kwa concentration/contact time sahihi, equipment ishughulikiwe, pens zikauke na downtime/repopulation ifanywe kulingana na official clearance. Carcass disposal na manure handling lazima zifuate maelekezo ya mamlaka ili kuepuka kueneza virus.