NTA Level 6 • Semester 1 • PST06107

Pharmacotherapy of Cryptococcosis in Dogs

Basic Veterinary Pharmacology • Source Session/Topic 35

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PST 06107

Basic Veterinary Pharmacology

Session 35: Pharmacotherapy of Cryptococcosis in Dog

Learning Tasks

the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

Define cryptococcosis in dog

List signs and symptoms of cryptococcosis in dog

Describe pharmacological treatment of cryptococcosis in dog

Describe control and prevention of cryptococcosis in dog

Activity: Buzzing

What

is Cryptococcosis in dog?

Definition of Cryptococcosis in Dog

Cryptococcosis is a fungal disease of dogs and cats caused by

Cryptococcus

neoformans

It may be systemic affecting the respiratory tract, central nervous system (CNS), eyes, and skin particularly the face and neck of cats)

Transmission occurs by inhalation or wound contamination from the environment

Signs and Symptoms of Cryptococcosis in Dog

Symptoms

vary and depend greatly on the organ systems affected by the fungus

More severe is disseminated disease and most have CNS or ocular involvement.

Clinical signs are usually related to

meningoencephalitis

, optic neuritis, and granulomatous

chorioretinitis

About 50% of dogs have lesions in the respiratory tract, usually the lungs, and most have granulomas throughout the body.

Structures often involved in order of decreasing frequency are kidneys, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, thyroid, adrenals, pancreas, bone, GI tract, muscle, myocardium, prostate, heart valves, and tonsils

Pharmacological Treatment of Cryptococcosis in Dog

Amphotericin

B 0.25-0.5 mg/kg , IV with 5-20ml of 5% dextrose solution 3 times a week until a cumulative dose of 4-10 mg/kg is reached, or

Ketoconazole 10-20, mg/kg, q 24 h, PO has been used to successfully treat cats for a week, or

Itraconazole

11-27 mg/kg, q 24 h, PO for a week

Activity:

Brainstorming

• What

are the prevention and control measures for Cryptococcosis in dog?

Prevention and Control of Cryptococcosis in Dog

Proper

sanitation including keeping dogs away from areas with large volumes of pigeon droppings

Key Points

Cryptococcosis

is a localized or systemic fungal infection caused by

Cryptococcus

neoformans

Transmission occurs by inhalation or wound contamination from the environment

Clinical signs are usually related to meningoencephalitis, optic neuritis, and granulomatous

chorioretinitis

Fluconazole or

itraconazole

are considered the treatments of choice for this disease

Evaluation

What

is Cryptococcosis in dog?

What are the common signs and symptoms of Cryptococcosis in dog?

What is the pharmacological treatment of Cryptococcosis in dog?

What are the control measures against Cryptococcosis in dog?

References

Riviere

J. E.,

Papich

M. G. (2009).

Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Ed) Iowa, Wiley-

Blackwel

Publishers

Hsu

W. H. (2008).

Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology

Ed) Iowa, Wiley-

Blackwel

Publishers

Kuafmann

J, (1996).

Parasitic infections of domestic animals

, (2

).Berlin,

Birkhäuser

Verlag

Press

Hoare

E. W. (2013).

A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology

),New

York, Forgotten Books

Press

Maddison

. J. (

) (2008).

Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology

, (2nd

). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited

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