Pharmacotherapy of Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry
PST 06107
Basic Veterinary Pharmacology
Session 19: Pharmacotherapy of Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in
Poultry
Learning Tasks
By
the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry
List signs and symptoms of Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry
Describe pharmacological treatment of Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry
Describe Control and Prevention of Coccidiosis and Fowl Cholera in Poultry
Activity: Buzzing
What
is Fowl
Cholera
?
Definition of Chronic Respiratory Disease in Poultry
Fowl
cholera, (
Avian
Pasteurellosis
or
avian hemorrhagic septicemia)
is a contagious bacterial disease of poultry
characterized by
septicemia,
sudden onset with high morbidity
and mortality
Chronic and asymptomatic infections may also occur.
It is caused by
Pasteurella
multocida
.
Transmission occurs by secretions from carrier birds, infected droppings, cannibalism of dead birds, and contaminated water, feed, equipment, or clothing.
The organism is primarily excreted from mouth, nose, and conjunctiva of diseased birds that contaminate their environment
Signs and Symptoms of Fowl Cholera
In
acute disease
There is, fever, depression, anorexia,
mucoid
discharge from the mouth, ruffled feathers, diarrhea, bluish discoloration of the head, increased respiratory rate and sudden death in the flock may occur
In chronic disease
Swelling of the joints, footpad, wattles, or tendon sheaths over the caudal portion of the hock joint could be observed.
Pharmacological Treatment of
Fowl Cholera
Sulphonamides
First line treatment
sulphonamides
include
Sulphadimethoxazole
,
Sulphaquinoxalene
,
Sulphamethazine
and
sulphaquinonxalene
Sulphamerazine
Sulfaquinoxaline
sodium, or
T
rimethoprimsulfadiazine
Pharmacological Treatment of Fowl Cholera
Cont.….
Amoxicillin
T
rihydrate
Activity:
Brainstorming
What
are the preventive measures for Fowl
Cholera ?
Prevention and Control of Fowl Cholera
Good
Sanitation
Rodent and predator control
Proper disposal of dead birds
Vaccination with adjuvant bacteriocins
Prevention and Control of Fowl
Cholera Cont.…
Adjuvant
bacteriocions
are widely used and generally effective;
Autogenous
bacterions
are recommended when polyvalent
bacterins
are found to be ineffective
Thus, it is important to know the most prevalent serotypes within an area to choose the right
bacterins
Attenuated live vaccines are available for administration in drinking water to turkeys and by wing-web inoculation to chickens.
These live vaccines can effectively induce immunity against different serotypes of
P
multocida
They are recommended for use in healthy flocks only
Key Points
Fowl
cholera is an infectious disease in domestic fowl, waterfowl and other avian species.
It is manifested either in acute
septicaemic
form with a high morbidity and death rates or as chronic local forms (independently or secondary to acute ones)
Commonly observed signs are anorexia, ruffled feathers, oral and nasal mucus discharge, cyanosis and white or greenish watery mucoid diarrhoea
Key
Points
Cont
…
Sulfonamides and antibiotics are commonly used and early treatment with adequate dosages are important
Good management practices, including a high level of biosecurity, are essential to prevention
Rodents, wild birds, pets, and other animals that may be carriers of P
multocida
must be excluded from poultry houses
Evaluation
What
is Fowl Cholera?
What are the common signs and symptoms Fowl Cholera?
What is the pharmacological treatment of Fowl Cholera?
What are the control measures against Fowl Cholera?
REFER Students to Handout 19.1: For pharmacotherapy of coccidiosis in poultry, Pharmacotherapy of Coccidiosis in Poultry
References
Riviere
J. E.,
Papich
M. G. (2009).
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
(9
th
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Hsu
W. H. (2008).
Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology
(1
st
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Kuafmann
J, (1996).
Parasitic infections of domestic animals
, (2
nd
ed
).Berlin,
Birkhäuser
Verlag
Press
Hoare
E. W. (2013).
A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology
(2
nd
ed
),New
York, Forgotten Books
Press
Maddison
. J. (
ed
) (2008).
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
, (2nd
ed
). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited
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