Pharmacotherapy of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle, Goat and Pig
PST 06107
Basic Veterinary Pharmacology
Session 9: Pharmacotherapy of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle, Goat and Pig
11/14/2020
1
Learning Tasks
By
the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle, Goat and Pig
List signs and symptoms of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle, Goat and Pig
Describe pharmacological treatment of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle, Goat and Pig
Describe Control and Prevention of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle, Goat and Pig
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Activity: Buzzing
What is Foot and Mouth Disease?
Definition of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle and Goat
Foot-and-mouth disease (commonly referred to as
FMD
) is a highly communicable viral infection of cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, buffalo, and artiodactyl wildlife species characterized by
fever
,
vesicles in the
mouth, on the muzzle, gums, pharynx, teats, and
interdigital
cleft
It is caused by an
Aphthovirus
that is transmitted by contact and through milk.
Recovered animals remain carriers for up to 2.5 year
Pharmacotherapy of Foot and Mouth Disease is similar both in Goat and Cattle
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Signs
and Symptoms of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle and Goat
Drooling
and vesicles on the nares, in the
buccal
cavity, and between the claws
Dullness
Inappetance
Fever
, and shivering followed by smacking of the lips, drooling saliva, and shaking or kicking of the feet are primary
signs
Pregnant
animals may abort
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Foot Disease in Cattle
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6
Mouth Disease in
Cattle
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Activity:
Brainstorming
What is the pharmacological treatment of Foot and Mouth
Disease
?
Pharmacological
Treatment of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle and Goat
No
specific treatment
Supportive treatments against secondary bacterial infection are necessary
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Control
and Prevention of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle and Goat
Export
restrictions are often imposed on countries with known outbreaks.
FMD outbreaks are usually controlled by quarantines and movement restrictions, euthanasia of affected and in-contact animals, and cleansing and disinfection of affected premises, equipment and vehicles
Infected carcasses must be disposed of safely by incineration, rendering, burial or other techniques
Milk from infected cows can be inactivated by heating to 100°C (212°F) for more than 20 minutes
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Control
and Prevention of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle and Goat
Cont.….
Rodents and other vectors may be killed to prevent them from mechanically disseminating the virus
Good biosecurity measures should be practiced on uninfected farms to prevent entry of the virus
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Control and Prevention of Foot and Mouth Disease in Cattle and Goat Cont.….
Vaccination
Vaccination can be used to reduce the spread of FMD or protect specific animals.
Vaccines are also used in endemic regions to protect animals from clinical disease. FMDV vaccines must closely match the serotype and strain of the infecting strain.
Vaccination with one serotype does not protect the animal against other serotypes, and may not protect the animal completely or at all from other strains of the same serotype
Currently, there is no universal FMD vaccine
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Key Points
Foot-and-mouth
disease (FMD) is a highly communicable viral disease caused by an
Aphthovirus
of the family
Picornaviridae
Clinical signs in cattle include pyrexia of ~104° F, followed by vesicular development on the tongue, hard palate, dental pad, lips, gums, muzzle, coronary band, interdigital cleft, and teats in lactating cows
There is no specific treatment for FMD, but supportive care is allowed
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Evaluation
What
is Foot and Mouth
diasease
?
What are the common signs and symptoms of Foot and Mouth Disease?
What is the pharmacological treatment of Foot and Mouth Disease?
What are the common prevention and control measures against Foot and Mouth Disease?
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REFER
Students to Handout 9.1: For
Pharmacotherapty
of FMD in pigs, Pharmacotherapy of Foot and Mouth in Pig
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References
Riviere
J. E.,
Papich
M. G. (2009).
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
(9
th
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Hsu
W. H. (2008).
Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology
(1
st
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Kuafmann
J, (1996).
Parasitic infections of domestic animals
, (2
nd
ed
).Berlin,
Birkhäuser
Verlag
Press
Hoare
E. W. (2013).
A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology
(2
nd
ed
),New
York, Forgotten Books
Press
Maddison
. J. (
ed
) (2008).
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
, (2nd
ed
). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited
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