Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle, Goat, Pig, Dog and Cat
PST 06107
Basic Veterinary Pharmacology
Session 8: Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle, Goat, Pig, Dog and Cat
Learning
Tasks
By
the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle, Goat, Pigs, Dogs and Cats
List signs and symptoms of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle, Goat, Pigs, Dogs and Cats
Describe pharmacological treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle, Goat, Pigs, Dogs and Cats
Learning
Tasks
Cont
…
Describe dose, dosage and course of drugs used in treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle, Goat, Pigs, Dogs and Cats
List contraindications in the treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle, Goat, Pigs, Dogs and Cats
List common side effects and adverse effects of drugs used in the treatment of Coccidiosis in Cattle, Goat and Pigs
Describe Control and Prevention of Coccidiosis in Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle, Goat, Pigs, Dogs and Cats
Activity: Buzzing
What
is Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle?
Definition of Gastrointestinal Parasitism
These
are infestations of the gastrointestinal tract with nematodes,
cestodes
and
trematodes
The
common stomach worms of cattle are
Haemonchus
placei
, Ostertagia
ostertagi
and
Trichostrongylus
axeii
.
Life cycle of a worm in cattle
Signs and Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle
The
following are the signs and symptoms of Gastrointestinal Parasitism
Ostertagia
and
Trichostronglyus
infections are characterized by profuse, watery diarrhea that
is usually persistent
Anemia
, hypoproteinemia and edema, particularly the lower jaw and sometimes along the ventral abdomen
Stomach lining of a calf infected with O.
ostertagi
(right) compared to that of an uninfected animal (left)
Pharmacological
Treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle
Common Side Effects and Adverse Drug Reactions of Drugs Used in Treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in
Cattle
Tetramisole
Side effects
Frothing, salivation,
tremor, transient head shaking
licks of lip,
urination, defecation,
vomiting,
ataxia,
collapse
Common Side Effects and Adverse Drug Reactions of Drugs Used in Treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in
Cattle Cont.…
Ivermectin
Side Effects
Ataxia, depression,
tremors,
mydriasis
,
oedema
of the face or
extremeties
,
Itching and popular rash
Common Side Effects and Adverse Drug Reactions of Drugs Used in Treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle Cont.…
Praziquantel
Side Effects:
Occasional vomiting and transient pain at injection site.
In cattle don’t exceed dose 4.5gm per
animal
Piperazine
Occasional emesis and diarrhea
Activity:
Brainstorming
What are the preventive and control measures for Gastrointestinal Parasitism?
Prevention
and Control of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle
Knowing
the types of worm that occur on your farm and the seasons of highest risk
Monitoring the worm status of livestock regularly, especially higher risk stock during high risk seasons
Preventing the introduction of new or resistant worms onto the property by quarantining all incoming stock and treating them with a quarantine drench
Prevention
and Control of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Cattle
Cont
…
Requesting an animal health statement when purchasing stock so you are aware of the disease status level of assurance that is being provided by the stock vendor
Improving nutrition
Grazing management to provide young animals that are most vulnerable to worms with pastures with lowest contamination
REFER Students to Handout 8.1: For Pharmacotherapy of gastrointestinal parasitism in goats, Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Goat
REFER Students to Handout 8.2: For Pharmacotherapy of gastrointestinal parasitism in pigs, Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Pig
REFER Students to Handout 8.3: For Pharmacotherapy of gastrointestinal parasitism in cats, Pharmacotherapy of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in Dog and Cats
Key Points
The
common stomach worms of cattle are
Haemonchus
placei
(barber’s pole worm, large stomach worm, wire worm),
Ostertagia
ostertagi
(medium or brown stomach worm), and
Trichostrongylus
axei
(small stomach worm)
Stertagia
and
Trichostrongylus
infections are characterized by profuse, watery
diarrhea
that usually is persistent
In
haemonchosis
and
Mecistocirrus
infection, there may be little or no
diarrhea
but possibly intermittent periods of constipation
Benzimidazoles
(such as
fenbendazole
,
oxfendazole
, and
albendazole
) and the
probenzimidazoles
(
thiophanate
,
febantel
, and
netobimin
) are among the drugs used for treatment of Gastrointestinal parasitism in cattle
Evaluation
What
is Gastrointestinal Parasitism?
What are the common signs and symptoms of Gastrointestinal Parasitism in cattle?
What is the pharmacological treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitism?
What are the control measures against Gastrointestinal Parasitism?
References
Riviere
J. E.,
Papich
M. G. (2009).
Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
(9
th
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Hsu
W. H. (2008).
Handbook of Veterinary Pharmacology
(1
st
Ed) Iowa, Wiley-
Blackwel
Publishers
Kuafmann
J, (1996).
Parasitic infections of domestic animals
, (2
nd
ed
).Berlin,
Birkhäuser
Verlag
Press
Hoare
E. W. (2013).
A manual veterinary therapeutics & pharmacology
(2
nd
ed
),New
York, Forgotten Books
Press
Maddison
. J. (
ed
) (2008).
Small Animal Clinical Pharmacology
, (2nd
ed
). Philadelphia, Saunders Elsevier Limited
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