Situations Requiring Guidance
PST 06102
:
Counselling and Guidance
Session
7:
Situations Require
Guidance
1
Learning tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Define
situations require guidance
Explain
situations require guidance
List
principles of direct and indirect guidance
2
Definition of the Situations Required Guidance
Guidance
as a process, developmental in nature, by which an individual is assisted
to understand
, accepts and use his/her abilities, aptitudes and interests and attitudinal patterns
in relation
to his/her aspirations.
It
is a process of helping or assisting an individual to solve their problems, it help them
to identify
where to go, what to do and how to do for post accomplishment of their goals.
Guidance
as an educational construct involves those experiences that assist each learner
to understand
him/herself, accept him/herself, and live effectively in his/her society, this is
in addition
to the learner‘s experiences in the world of work
3
Definition of the Situations Required Guidance
Guidance can also be looked at as a
programme
or services to individuals based upon the
need of
each individual, an understanding of his/her immediate environment, the influence
of environmental
factors on the individual
Guidance
is designed to help each individual adjust to his/her environment, develop the
ability to
set realistic goals for him/herself, and improve his/her knowledge.
As
a process, guidance is not a simple matter, but involves a series of actions or
progressive steps
which move towards a goal, as a service, we can isolate four major services, those
of educational
, vocational, personal and social guidance
.
Situations that require counselling are educational guidance, vocational guidance,
career guidance
, avocational guidance and personal and Social Guidance
4
What are the situations required
guidance
?
5
Situations
Require Guidance
1. Educational
Guidance
Educational
guidance is, essential in the counselling service, guiding and educating
patients to
take right treatment and adhere to the medications, guiding young people to pursue
the right
type of education, while ensuring that the right balance is kept in order to meet
the human
resource needs of a nation
Helping
an individual to reflect on personal educational issues and experiences and to
make appropriate
educational choices and appropriate treatment choice.
6
2. Vocational
Guidance
Vocational
guidance is a process for helping individuals to choose an occupation,
prepare for
it, enter it and develop in it. Vocational happiness requires that a person‘s
interests, aptitudes
and personality, be suitable for his/her work.
It
plays its part by providing individuals with an understanding of the world of work
and essential
human needs, and familiarizing individuals with such terms as
the
dignity
of ‘labor
‘ and
‘work
value‘.
It based
on psychological tests and interviews to
find out
what career or occupation may
best suit
a person, it
is the
process of assisting a student to choose, prepare for and enter
an occupation
for which
he or
she shows aptitude.
7
3. Personal
and Social Guidance
Personal
and social guidance is the process of helping an individual to know how to
behave with
consideration towards other people.
Primarily
, personal and social guidance helps the individual to understand himself,
know how
to get on with others, learn manners and etiquette, pursue leisure time
activities, practice
social skills, develop family and family relationships, and understand social
roles and
responsibilities
8
4. Career
guidance
Career
guidance includes a wide variety of professional activities which help people
deal with
career-related challenges.
Career
counselors work with adolescents seeking to explore career options,
experienced professionals
contemplating a career change, parents who want to return to the world
of work
after taking time to raise their child, or people seeking employment.
Career
guidance is also offered in various settings, including in groups and individually,
in person
or by means of digital communication, several approaches have been undertaken
to systemize
the variety of professional activities related to career guidance and
counseling such
as:
The Career Educator "supports people in developing their own career management competences"
The Career Information & Assessment Expert "supports people in assessing their personal characteristics and needs, then connecting them with the
labour
market and education systems"
The Career Counsellor "supports individuals in understanding their situations, so as to work through issues towards solutions“
The
Programme
& Service Manager "ensures the quality and delivery of career guidance and counselling
organisations'
services"
9
5. Avocational
guidance
An
avocation is an activity that someone engages in as a hobby outside their
main occupation
. There are many examples of people whose professions were the ways
that they
made their livings, but for whom their activities outside their workplaces were
their true
passions in life.
It
assist individual with leisure attitudinal or behavior problem with choosing
and effectively
participating in an avocation, as a newly emerging independent profession,
a vocational
guidance has the task of developing theory, techniques and tools for
doing the
job with greater precision.
10
What are the Principles of direct and indirect guidance?
11
Principles of Direct
Guidance
The followings are the principles of direct guidance
Use
simple language
Speak
in a relaxed voice
Be
positive
Offer
choices with care
Encourage
independence and cooperation
Be
firm
Be
consistent
Provide
time for change
Consider
feelings
Intervene
when necessary
12
Key Point
Guidance as an educational construct involves those experiences that assist each learner
to understand
him/herself, accept him/herself, and live effectively in his/her society, this is
in addition
to the learner‘s experiences in the world of work and the people found there,
Guidance
can also be looked at as a
programme
or services to individuals based Up on the
need of
each individual, an understanding of his/her immediate environment, the influence
of environmental
factors on the individual
Situations
require guidance are; educational guidance, vocational guidance, career guidance,
a vocational
guidance and personal and Social Guidance
13
Key Point
What are the situations require guidance?
What
is avocational guidance?
14
References
Bernstein
York: Appleton-Century-Crofts
,
Agrawal, R (2006) Educational, Vocational Guidance and Counselling, New Delhi,
Sipra
Publication
.
USP (2003). USP Medication
Counseling
Behavior
Guidelines. USP Convention,
Inc
,
Rockville MD
,
MOHSW (2005). National Guidelines for Voluntary Counselling and Testing. Dar
es
Salaam, Tanzania
: National AIDS Control Programme.
15
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