NTA Level 5 • Semester 2 • PST05208

Calculations Involving Millimoles

Pharmaceutics Theory and Compounding • Source Session/Topic 16

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Session 16: Calculations Involving Millimoles

Total Session Time: 120 minutes + 6 hours of Practices

Prerequisites

• None

Learning Tasks

By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:

• Give overview of calculations involving Millimoles

• Perform calculations involving Millimoles

Resources Needed:

• Flip charts, marker pens, and masking tape

• Black/white board, chalk and whiteboard markers

• LCD projector and computer

• Handout 11.1 Powders and granules for oral administration

SESSION OVERVIEW

Activity/

Step Time Content

Method

1 05 minutes Presentation Introduction, Learning Tasks

2 45minutes Presentation Introduction to Calculations Involving Millimoles

60 minutes Presentation Performing Calculations Involving Millimoles

Demonstration

4 05 minutes Presentation Key Points

5 05 minutes Presentation Evaluation

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SESSION CONTENTS

STEP1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)

READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify

ASK students if they have any questions before continuing

STEP 2: Millimoles (45 minutes)

• A Millimole (mmol) of an element, a compound, or an ion is its atomic, molecular, or ionic

weight respectively e.g. the ionic weight of Ca2+ is 40, therefore, 1 mmol Ca2+ = 40mg calcium

• The number of mmol of each ion obtained from a salt in solution depends on the number of each

ion in the molecule of the salt. e.g. Sodium chloride (NaCl, mol wt.: 58.5) has 1 Na and 1 Cl in

each molecule. Hence 1 mmol NaCl ( 58.5mg) provides 1 mmol Na (23mg) and 1 mmol Cl

(35.5mg)

• Calcium chloride (CaCl2.2H2O, mol wt.: 147) has 1 Ca2+ and 2Cl in each molecule. Hence

1mmolCaCl2.2H2O (147mg) provides 1 mmol Ca2+ ( 40mg) and 2mmol Cl(71mg)

• Therefore the amount of mg salt containing 1 mmol of a specified ion is calculated by the

following equation:

mg salt containing 1 mmol of specified ion = molecular weight of the salt

Number of specified ions in the molecule

Example:

• How many mg calcium chloride are needed to provide 1 mmol of Ca2+ and 1 mmol of Cl-

• mgCaCl2.2H2O containing 1 mmol of Ca2+= 147 = 147 mg

• 147mg CaCl2. 2H2O will provide 1 mmol Ca2+

• mgCaCl2.2H2O containing 1 mmol of Cl- = 147 = 73.5mg

• 73.5 mg CaCl2. 2H2O will provide 1 mmol Cl-

• When g or mg salt are stated the number of mmol can be calculated by simple proportion

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Example:

• How many mmol Cl are obtained from234mg sodium chloride?

• 58.5mg NaCl provide 1 mmol Cl-, therefore;

1 == x x = 1 x 234 = 4mmol

58.5 234 58.5

234mg NaCl provide 4 mmol Cl-

STEP 3: Calculating Millimoles (60 minutes)

Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 40 minutes)

DIVIDE students in small manageable groups

ASK students to discuss in groups on the following questions

• 367mg calcium chloride provide how many mmol Ca2+ and how many mmol Cl-?

REFER Students to Pharmaceutical Calculation. 13th Edition by HOWARD C.

ANSEL: Chapter 11, for reference

ALLOW students to discuss for 20 minutes

ALLOW each groups to present for 5 minutes

CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below

1mmol Ca2+ = 147 == 147mg

Therefore: 1 = x x = 1 x 367 = 2.49 = 2.5 mmol Ca2+

147 367 147

–

1mmol Cl = 147mg = 73.5mg

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Therefore:

1 = x x = 1 x 367 = 4.99 = 5mmol Cl-73.5 367

73.5

367mg calcium chloride provide 2.5mmol Ca2+ and 5 mmol Cl-

STEP 4: Key Points (5 minutes)

• A Millimole (mmol) of an element, a compound, or an ion is its atomic, molecular, or ionic weight

respectively e.g. the ionic weight of Ca2+ is 40, therefore, 1 mmol Ca2+ = 40mg calcium

• The number of mmol of each ion obtained from a salt in solution depends on the number of each ion

in the molecule of the salt. e.g. Sodium chloride (NaCl, mol wt.: 58.5) has 1 Na and 1 Cl in each

molecule. Hence 1 mmol NaCl ( 58.5mg) provides 1 mmol Na (23mg) and 1 mmol Cl (35.5mg)

STEP 5: Evaluation (5 minutes)

• What is Millimole (mmol) of an element?

STEP 6: Take Home Assignment (15 minutes)

Activity: Take home Assignment (15 minutes)

ASK each individual student to do the following assignment

• Calculate the strength of sodium chloride solution which is iso – osmotic with blood

serum and tears

ALLOCATE time for students to do the assignment and submit

REFER students to recommended references

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References

Ansel, H. C &Stocklosa, M. J. (2001). Pharmaceutical Calculations (11th ed.). Philadelphia, United

States: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Ansel, H. C (2010) Pharmaceutical Calculations (13rd ed.). Philadelphia, United States:

LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

Senya, S. S, Mwasha, C.Y, Muyinga, A. M, Amiri,R. I. and Mauga E.A.S.K. (2011) Tanzania

Pharmaceutical Handbook (2nd ed.). Dar eS Salaam, Tanzania: School of Pharmaceutical

Sciences.

Zatz, J.L and Teixeira, M.G. (2005). Pharmaceutical Calculation (4th ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley

& Sons, Inc

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