Common Disorders of the Nervous System
Session 36: Common Disorders of the Nervous System
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Autonomic Nervous System
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |15 Minutes |Presentation |Disorders of Nervous System |
| | |Buzzing | |
|3 | |Presentation |Parkinson’s Disease and Alzheimer’s |
| |30 minutes |Small Group |Disease |
| | |Discussion | |
|4 | |Presentation |Neuroleptic Disorders |
| |45 minutes |Small Group | |
| | |Discussion | |
|5 |15minutes |Presentation |Hydrocephalus |
| | |Brainstorming | |
|6 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
| 7 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Disorders of Nervous System (15 minutes)
|Activity: Buzzing (5 minutes) |
| |
|ASK learners to pair and buzz on the following question for 2 minutes|
| |
|What is nervous disorder? |
| |
|ALLOW few pairs to respond and let others pairs to add on points not |
|mentioned |
| |
|WRITE their response on the flip chart/board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using content below |
Nervous system disorders are the disorders of the brain, spinal cord,
sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the
rest of the body.
The common nervous system disorders:
STEP 3: Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer ’s disease (30 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|What are Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
o This is a disorder of the basal ganglia
o The cause is unknown, and though there is a genetic component in some
families, itis probably not the only factor
o The disease usually begins after the age of 60
o Neurons in the basal ganglia that produce the neurotransmitter
dopamine begin to degenerate and die, and the deficiency of dopamine
causes specific kinds of muscular symptoms.
common symptom.
diminish, and the affected person walks slowly without swinging the
arms.
o This is the genetic disorder of the nervous system.
o It is due to presence of abnormal fibrous proteins in the cells of
cerebral cortex in areas important for memory and reasoning.
o The symptoms include
reasoning ability, and personality, and those with advanced disease
are unable to perform even the simplest tasks or self-care.
STEP 4: Neuroleptic Disorders (45 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|What are neuroleptic disorders? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
depressive ones.
o They are due to imbalance of chemicals in the brain
o Psychosis is mostly presented by;
o Depression is presented by:
o It is defined by a group of characteristic positive and negative
symptoms of deterioration in social, occupational, or interpersonal
relationships.
o It distorts thinking and perception capabilities.
o It is not an excess of dopamine.
o Schizophrenia can be diagnosed by the following symptoms:
o Epilepsy is a recurrent seizures of not more than 24 hours
o Seizure is a clinical manifestation of synchronized electrical
discharges of neurons.
o Some seizures can be originated outside the brain due to fever,
infection, syncope, head trauma, hypoxia, toxins and cardiac
arrhythmias.
o Status epileptics (SE) is the continuous convulsion lasting longer
than 30 minutes or occurrence of serial convulsions between which
there is no return of consciousness
o Seizures can be due to cerebral damage or cerebral malformation like
hydrocephalus
o They are mostly presented by convulsions.
o Refers to autoimmune demyelinating disease
o It involves deterioration of the myelin sheath of neurons in the
central nervous system.
o Without the myelin sheath, the impulses of these neurons are short-
circuited and do not reach their proper destinations, and the neuron
axons are damaged and gradually die.
o The first symptoms usually appear between the ages of 20 and 40
years, and the disease may progress either slowly or rapidly.
STEP 5: Hydrocephalus (15 minutes)
|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |
| |
|Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: |
| |
|What is hydrocephalus? |
| |
|ALLOW few students to respond |
| |
|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |
o Refers to the accumulation of excessive CSF within the ventricular
system.
o Most cases occur as a consequence of:
o When hydrocephalus develops in infancy before closure of the cranial
sutures, there is enlargement of the head.
o Hydrocephalus developing after fusion of the sutures, in contrast, is
associated with expansion of the ventricles and increased
intracranial pressure, without a change in head circumference.
o If there is an obstacle to the flow of CSF within the ventricular
system, then a portion of the ventricles enlarges while the remainder
does not.
STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes)
o Psychosis
o Depression
o Schizophrenia
o Epilepsy
o Multiple sclerosis
o Parkinson’s disease
o Alzheimer’s disease
o Hydrocephalus
the arms.
epilepsy and multiple sclerosis
ventricular system
STEP 6: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Scalon, V.C., & Sanders, T. (2007). Essentials of anatomy and physiology
(5th ed.).
Philadelphia,NY: F.A Davis
Tortora, J.G., & Derrickson, B. (2009). Principles of anatomy and
physiology (12th
ed.).Danvers, MA:John Wiley & Sons
Waugh,A.,& Wilson, J.W.K. (2001): Anatomy and Physiology in Health and
Illness(9th
ed.). Totternham, London: Churchill Livingstone
Additional
www.who.int/mental health/…/neurological disorders
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