Structure and Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Session 35: Structure and Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System
Total Session Time: 120 minutes
Prerequisites
Learning Tasks
By the end of this session students are expected to be able to:
Resources Needed:
SESSION OVERVIEW
|Step |Time |Activity/ |Content |
| | |Method | |
|1 |05 minutes |Presentation |Introduction, Learning Tasks |
|2 |10 minutes |Presentation |Definition of the Autonomic Nervous |
| | |Brainstorming |System |
|3 | |Presentation |Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous |
| |45 minutes |Small Group |System |
| | |Discussion | |
|4 | |Presentation |Functions of the Autonomic Nervous |
| |50 minutes |Small Group |System at Different Organs |
| | |Discussion | |
|5 |05 minutes |Presentation |Key Points |
| 6 |05 minutes |Presentation |Evaluation |
SESSION CONTENTS
STEP 1: Presentation of Session Title and Learning Tasks (5 minutes)
READ or ASK students to read the learning tasks and clarify
ASK students if they have any questions before continuing
STEP 2: Definition of Autonomic Nervous System (10 minutes)
|Activity: Brainstorming (5 minutes) |
| |
|Ask students to brainstorm on the following question: |
| |
|What is autonomic nervous system? |
| |
|ALLOW few students to respond |
| |
|WRITE their responses on the flip chart/ board |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARISE by using the content below |
consists of motor parts of spinal nerves and cranial nerves
nervous system
smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and glands of which muscles will either
contract or relax and glands will either increase or decrease secretions
STEP 3: Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (45 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|What are the divisions of the autonomic nervous systems? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
o Often, they function in opposition to each other.
o The sympathetic division brings about widespread responses in many
organs.
o The sympathetic division is dominant in stressful situations, which
include anger, fear, or anxiety, as well as exercise.
o There are synapses between preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
o One preganglionic neuron often synapses with many postganglionic
neurons to many effectors. This anatomic arrangement has physiological
importance.
o The parasympathetic division dominates in relaxed (non-stress)
situations to promote normal functioning of several organ systems.
o In the parasympathetic division, one preganglionic neuron synapses
with just a few postganglionic neurons to only one effector. With this
anatomic arrangement, much localized (one organ) responses are
possible.
and postganglionic neurons, and the second between postganglionic neurons
and visceral effectors.
o Acetylcholine is the transmitter released by all preganglionic
neurons, both sympathetic and parasympathetic and is inactivated by
cholinesterase in postganglionic neurons.
o Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons all release acetylcholine at
the synapses with their visceral effectors.
o Most sympathetic postganglionic neurons release the transmitter
norepinephrine at the synapses with the effector cells.
o Norepinephrine is inactivated by either catechol-Methyltransferase
(COMT) or monoamine oxidase (MAO), or it may be removed from the
synapse by reuptake.
STEP 4: Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System at Different Organs
(50 minutes)
|Activity: Small Group Discussion ( 30 minutes) |
| |
|DIVIDE students into small manageable groups |
| |
|ASK students to discuss on the following question |
|What are the functions of autonomic nervous system to different body |
|organs? |
| |
|ALLOW students to discuss for 15 minutes |
| |
|ALLOW few groups to present and the rest to add points not mentioned |
| |
|CLARIFY and SUMMARIZE by using the contents below |
|Organ |Sympathetic response |Parasympathetic |
| | |response |
|Heart (cardiac muscle) |Increase rate |Decrease rate (to |
| | |normal) |
|Bronchioles (smooth |Dilate |Constrict (to normal) |
|muscle) | | |
|Iris (smooth muscle) |Pupil dilates |Pupil constrict (to |
| | |normal) |
|Salivary glands |Decrease secretion |Increase secretion to |
| | |normal |
|Stomach and intestine |Decrease peristalsis |Increase peristalsis |
|(smooth muscle) | |for normal digestion |
|Stomach and intestine |Decrease secretion |Increase secretion for|
|(glands) | |normal digestion |
|Internal anal sphincter |Contracts to prevent |Relaxes to permit |
| |defecation |defecation |
|Urinary bladder (smooth |Relaxes to prevent |Contracts for normal |
|muscle) |urination |urination |
|Internal urethral |Contracts to prevent |Relaxes to permit |
|sphincter |urination |urination |
|Liver |Changes glycogen to |None |
| |glucose | |
|Pancreas |Secrete glucagon |Secrete insulin and |
| | |digestive enzymes |
|Sweat glands |Increase secretion |None |
|Adrenal glands |Increase secretion of|None |
| |epinephrine and | |
| |norepinephrine | |
STEP 5: Key Points (5 minutes)
consists of motor parts of spinal nerves and cranial nerves.
parasympathetic division dominates in relaxed (non-stress) situations
other.
STEP 6: Evaluation (5 minutes)
References
Seeley, R. R., Stephens, T. D., &Tate, P. (2003). Anatomy and Physiology.
(5th ed.).Boston:
McGraw-Hill.
Standring, S. (2008). Grays’s Anatomy; the anatomical basis of clinical
practice.(40th ed.).
Elservier: Churchill Livingstone.
Thibodeau, G. A., & Patton, K. T. (1999). Anatomy & Physiology. Mosby:
Hoffman
Press, Inc.
Tortora, G.J & Derrickson, B (2009). Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
12th Edition,
USA, John Wiley & Sons Inc, USA
Waugh, A., & Grant, A. (2006). Ross and Willson Anatomy and physiology in
Health and
illness. China: Churchill Livingstone Elservier
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